中心城区河道基本消除黑臭的可行性措施和对策

概述了上海浦东新区水环境的现状,并对新区黑臭河道的数量、分布和污染程度作了详细的分析,探讨了新区河道黑臭的成因,针对新区已基本消除黑臭的骨干河道和黑臭的中心城区镇(街道)、村级河道分别提出了不同的污染防治可行性措施和对策。     

以环境质量改善为目标的贵安新区生态安全格局构建虚拟

以贵安新区为例,将水环境安全格局与大气环境安全格局纳入城市综合生态安全格局的评价框架;将GIS空间分析技术、ArcSWAT模型、WRF-Chem空气质量模型等进行耦合,对水环境、大气环境、石漠化、生物多样性、自然人文环境以及基本农田等在内的6项生态安全格局因子进行分析;将贵安新区生态安全格局划分为底线、满意和理想3个不同等级,并在此基础上对贵安新区城市扩展方案进行模拟.结果表明,贵安新区底线级生态安全格局面积为215.6km²,满意级生态安全格局面积为473.9km²,理想级生态安全格局面积为828.4km²,分别占贵安新区总面积的11.3%,24.9%和43.6%.生态宜居的城市建设用地面积为179.8km²,生态经济均衡发展模式下城市建设用地面积为708.9km²,经济优先发展模式下城市建设用地面积为1288.9km²,分别占贵安新区总面积的9.5%,37.3%和67.8%.综合生态安全格局的划定可作为一种有力的空间管控手段,以实现城市生态环境保护与宜居城镇的和谐发展.     

Characterization of particle number size distribution and new particle formation in Southern China

Knowledge of particle number size distribution(PND) and new particle formation(NPF)events in Southern China is essential for mitigation strategies related to submicron particles and their effects on regional air quality,haze,and human health.In this study,seven field measurement campaigns were conducted from December 2013 to May 2015 using a scanning mobility particle sizer(SMPS) at four sites in Southern China,including three urban sites and one background site.Particles were measured in the size range of15-515 nm,and the median particle number concentrations(PNCs) were found to vary in the range of 0.3× 10~4-2.2 × 10~4 cn~(-3) at the urban sites and were approximately 0.2 × 10~4 cm~(-3) at the background site.The peak diameters at the different sites varied largely from 22 to 102 nm.The PNCs in the Aitken mode(25-100 nm) at the urban sites were up to 10 times higher than they were at the background site,indicating large primary emissions from traffic at the urban sites.The diurnal variations of PNCs were significantly influenced by both rush hour traffic at the urban sites and NPF events.The frequencies of NPF events at the different sites were0%-30%,with the highest frequency occurring at an urban site during autumn.With higher SO_2 concentrations and higher ambient temperatures being necessary,NPF at the urban site was found to be more influenced by atmospheric oxidizing capability,while NPF at the background site was limited by the condensation sink.This study provides a unique dataset of particle number and size information in various environments in Southern China,which can help understand the sources,formation,and the climate forcing of aerosols in this quickly developing region,as well as help constrain and validate NPF modeling.     

春节除夕燃放烟花爆竹对环境空气质量影响分析

结合2003—2014年南京城区春节除夕前后主要空气污染物监测数据,分析烟花爆竹集中燃放时空气污染指数及PM10、SO2、NO2质量浓度的变化趋势。指出除夕燃放烟花爆竹会引起PM10、SO2、NO2质量浓度上升,在大气扩散条件不佳的情况下影响了环境空气质量。建议在大中城市城区采取适当的禁放措施,并加快研制安全环保型的烟花爆竹替代产品。     

滨海新区湿地生态系统退化程度诊断分析

滨海新区湿地类型多样,作为滨海新区生态环境与景观生态的基质,对其区域生态、景观生态及经济发展具有重要影响。根据滨海新区湿地生态系统特征,在定性与定量相结合的原则下,建立了退化诊断分析指标体系,共两个大类23个单项指标,并通过AHP法、专家咨询法确定了各指标的权重。在此基础上,结合GIS技术将滨海新区湿地划分为11个具体的退化研究区域,并参照诊断标准对各项指标打分,计算各评价区域综合诊断指数,依据综合诊断指数分析了评价区域生态系统退化状况,为今后湿地恢复实践提供指导。     

雄安新区唐河污水库残留污染物对地下水水化学动态的作用机制

唐河污水库位于雄安新区白洋淀西侧,污水库渗漏和污水灌溉历时长达40 a,包气带中累积大量污染物.识别污水渗漏和灌溉复合系统残留污染物对地下水水化学动态的作用机制,对雄安新区的水环境保护至关重要.利用水化学离子示踪及改进的氯碱指数等水文地球化学方法,解析浅层地下水水化学时空特征及演化机制.结果表明,污水库区地下水水化学类型为SO₄·HCO₃-Na型,平均污水混合比例为48.4%,阳离子交替吸附作用和岩盐溶解作用分别为地下水提供了29.9%和8.6%的钠离子;污灌区地下水水化学类型为SO₄·HCO₃-Na·Mg型,平均污水混合比例为58.3%,阳离子交替吸附作用降低了地下水中8.1%的钠离子;降水和灌溉水的混合稀释作用导致残留污水混合比例和矿物饱和指数降低,促进地下水中钠离子与土壤胶体吸附的钙镁离子的交换作用.含水层反硝化作用能有效减少地下水硝酸盐污染.此外,污水库修复前后污水比例分别为61.5%和49.3%.污水渗漏和灌溉复合系统中长期滞留的污染物将在降雨和灌溉模式驱动下以不同程度的污水物理混合和水岩...     

Action research and residential waste minimisation in Palmerston North,New Zealand

This research adds an action research approach to mixed methods to understand the drivers and barriers to residential waste minimisation in Palmerston North, New Zealand. While local, national, and global structural barriers persisted outside the participants’ immediate control, action research enhanced waste minimisation practices within the limits of these structural barriers. The reflexive and collaborative principles of action research allowed research participants to identify individualised needs and challenges. Thus, the research proceeded according to the participants’ circumstances. Some of the key drivers included a sense of accountability, active learning, social support, convenience, affordability, and access to information and resources. The participants also offered recommendations to the City Council, producers, and policy-makers to enhance residential waste minimisation in Palmerston North. While the value-action gap persists in purely quantitative waste research seeking to understand and change waste behaviour, action research was beneficial as it added a more nuanced understanding of participants’ waste behaviours. It also contextualised waste-related practices and attitudes in a specific locale.