Eggshell colour does not predict measures of maternal investment in eggs of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Turdus</Emphasis> thrushes

The striking diversity of avian eggshell colour has long fascinated biologists. Recently, it has been proposed that the blue-green colour of some eggs may function as a post-mating sexually selected signal of female phenotypic quality to their mates to induce higher allocation of paternal care. It has been suggested that maternally deposited yolk carotenoids may be the specific aspect of reproductive quality that the female is signalling via eggshell colour. We use the known properties of the thrush visual system (Turdus sp.) to calculate photon capture for the four single cone photoreceptors, and the principal member of the double cone class for eggs in clutches of two introduced European thrush species (Turdus merula and Turdus philomelos) in New Zealand. We show that differences in the avian-perceived colours of individual eggs are not consistently correlated with different measures of maternal investment in the egg. Given the growing extent of the knowledge between maternal quality, parental investment and eggshell pigmentation across avian taxa, we encourage the use of avian perceptual modelling for testing alternative non-signalling explanations for the structural and physiological basis of these relationships.     

Risk assessment for atmospheric environmental management: a case study in the Hunter Region of New South Wales,Australia

The theoretical framework of a risk assessment scheme is applied to air quality assessment in a developing region in Australia, the Hunter Valley in the state of New South Wales. It is found that the application of such a scheme high-lights a number of inadequacies in the air quality management. New modeling methodologies are found to be necessary to assess some air quality impacts, as existing knowledge is inadequate. The importance of extensive data bases is underlined as is the need for social surveys to supplement air pollution monitoring when gauging aesthetic effects of air pollutants.A visiting fellow on leave from the School of Australian Environmental Studies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.     

Size-resolved effective density of submicron particles during summertime in the rural atmosphere of Beijing, China

Particle density is an important physical property of atmospheric particles.The information on high time-resolution size-resolved particle density is essential for understanding the atmospheric physical and chemical aging processes of aerosols particles.In the present study,a centrifugal particle mass analyzer(CPMA) combined with a differential mobility analyzer(DMA) was deployed to determine the size-resolved effective density of 50 to 350 nm particles at a rural site of Beijing during summer 2016.The measured particle effective densities decreased with increasing particle sizes and ranged from 1.43 to 1.55 g/cm~3,on average.The effective particle density distributions were dominated by a mode peaked at around 1.5 g/cm~3 for 50 to350 nm particles.Extra modes with peaks at 1.0,0.8,and 0.6 g/cm3 for 150,240,and 350 nm particles,which might be freshly emitted soot particles,were observed during intensive primary emissions episodes.The particle effective densities showed a diurnal variation pattern,with higher values during daytime.A case study showed that the effective density of Aitken mode particles during the new particle formation(NPF) event decreased considerably,indicating the significant contribution of organics to new particle growth.     

基于“三生空间”的土地利用功能转型及生态服务价值研究——以福州新区为例

分析土地利用功能转型及带来的生态服务价值转变,是快速城镇化地区土地资源开发利用和“三生空间”管控的重要依据。论文基于福州新区2000、2009和2015年3期Landsat ETM+/OLI遥感数据和“三生”土地利用主导功能分类体系,应用GIS定量研究了福州新区15 a土地利用功能转型特征及生态系统服务价值时空演变,结果表明： 1）15 a间福州新区的生活生产空间增长迅速,面积增加了11 224.63 hm²,增长率达82.31%;生态生产空间面积出现先下降后增长趋势,总体增长了19.94%;生活生产空间的增长源于对生态空间和生产生态空间的侵占,生态生产空间的增长源于对湿地、海域等生态空间的侵占。2）15 a间福州新区生态系统服务价值下降了21.69%,其中生态空间下降总量最大,减少了6.822 8亿元,生活生产空间下降幅度最大,下降了92.10%。3）区域生态系统服务价值存在提高和下降两种相反趋势,导致研究区生态系统服务价值降低的主要原因是生活生产空间对生态空间和生产生态空间的侵占,贡献率分别达38.60%和18.77%,其次为生态生产空间对生态空间的侵占。4）推进福州新区“三生空间”协同布局,应加强区内生态林地、闽江河口、海岸线等重点生态空间的保护,稳步推进新区核心区域生活空间基础设施优化,集约利用生产空间,增加产出效益。     

浅探新形势对科技期刊编辑要求

作为科研成果的信息载体,科技期刊有着重要的作用。而处于整个出版工作的中心环节的编辑更应在求新、求快的基础上,坚持求准的原则,不断学习,才能将科技期刊越办越好。     

Species and Cultural Conservation in New Zealand: Maori Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Tuatara

Abstract:  Traditional ecological knowledge can be highly informative and integrated with complementary scientific knowledge to improve species management. This is especially true for abundant species with which indigenous peoples have frequent interactions (e.g., through harvest), but has been studied less frequently in isolated or declining species. We examined Maori traditional ecological knowledge of tuatara ( Sphenodon spp., reptiles that resemble lizards but are the last living representatives of the order Sphenodontia) through semidirected interviews of elders of Te Atiawa, Ngati Koata, and Ngati Wai Iwi (similar to tribes), the guardians of several islands currently inhabited by tuatara. Maori are indigenous to New Zealand, having settled 800 to 1000 years ago. Tuatara are endemic to New Zealand, have declined in numbers since human settlement, and are now restricted to 37 offshore islands. The detail and volume of tuatara traditional ecological knowledge were less than that recorded in studies of more abundant or accessible species. In addition, traditional knowledge of the cultural significance of tuatara was more common and detailed among the elders than traditional knowledge of tuatara biology or ecology. The traditional knowledge collected, however, provided the first evidence of seven former sites of tuatara occupation, suggested five additional sites tuatara may currently occupy, contained novel hypotheses for scientific testing, and described tuatara cultural roles that have not been reported previously. We conclude that, in at least some cases, traditional ecological knowledge may persist as species decline and may serve as a valuable source of ecological information for conservation .     

鼓泡塔中有机酸强化粗颗粒石灰石新型烟气脱硫

对传统石灰石湿法烟气脱硫进行了改进,提出了一种新型烟气脱硫方法,即在鼓泡塔中添加有机酸,采用大颗粒石灰石(210 μm)代替传统的细颗粒石灰石(5～20 μm)进行脱硫.实验在鼓泡搅拌吸收反应器中对比研究了新老两种脱硫工艺.结果表明,当210 μm石灰石浆液中醋酸摩尔浓度达10～30 mmol/L,其脱硫率和石灰石利用率分别为95%和93.5%,均达到甚至优于传统石灰石脱硫结果.实验研究了影响脱硫率的各种因素:添加醋酸浓度、入口SO2浓度、石灰石浆液浓度、气体停留时间以及温度等,并提出添加醋酸促进SO2吸收的机理.运用该新型烟气脱硫方法,可降低电厂的基础投资和运行费用,大大加强系统的稳定性和抗击烟气中SO2波动的能力.     

新型絮凝剂聚合氯化铝钙中铝形态表征及钙含量测定

以Al2O3和CaCO3为原料经高温焙烧酸溶制备工艺合成新型高效絮凝剂——聚合氯化铝钙。采用Al-Ferron逐时络和比色法研究产品中的铝形态;络合滴定法研究钙含量。结果表明:焙烧工艺对钙含量的影响较大,酸溶工艺对钙含量的影响较小。在最佳配比条件下,生成的Alb为最佳;焙烧温度提高Ala、Alc含量减小,Alb含量增大;增长酸溶反应时间Alb含量减少;增加酸用量,Ala、Alc含量减少,Alb含量增大。     

上海浦东新区环境空气质量特点及成因分析

为了解浦东新区建区以来的环境空气质量，浦东新区环境保护监测站对1994年－2001年环境空气中主要污染物监测结果进行了分析：SO2，NOx,TSP的质量浓度和分指数结果相比较，TSP占有最大权重，处于污染主导地位，其主要污染源为工业粉尘，烟尘，机动车排放的尾气，建筑施工及道路交通产生的尘污染。     

哈密地区新型建筑材料天然放射性核素含量及居民受照剂量估算

用放射化学分析方法对哈密地区主要新型建材中＾２２６Ｒａ、＾２３２Ｔｈ、＾４０Ｋ含量分析测定。结果表明，放射性核素比活度限制值内照射指数和外照射指数平均范围值分别为０．０２－０．２６，０．０３－０．６６。花岗岩石材和涂釉制品最高，装饰材料最低。建材所致居民内、外照射年有效剂量当量为０．０６－０．９６ｍＳｖ．ａ＾－１，明显低于哈密地区室内环境γ辐射及氡子体所致居民年有效剂量当量实际调查值１．４３ｍＳｖ