Analysis of satellite imagery using a simple algorithm supports evidence that Trichodesmium supplies a significant new nitrogen load to the GBR lagoon

This work supports previous studies in the Great Barrier Reef lagoon that show the new nitrogen (N) load introduced by Trichodesmium is similar to or greater than that from riverine discharges. However, the current management programs aimed at improving the chronic eutrophic state of the GBR ignore the N load from Trichodesmium. These programs also ignore the evidence that Trichodesmium blooms could promote the bioavailability of heavy metals and be a source of toxins in the ciguatera food chain. Further work is urgently required to better quantify the potential impacts of Trichodesmium and develop management plans to reduce those impacts. A simple algorithm that uses MODIS imagery is developed for not only monitoring the spatial extent of Trichodesmium blooms but also for quantifying the concentration of those blooms. The algorithm is based on the readily available MODIS L2 data. A management plan that includes the harvesting of Trichodesmium is outlined.     

连云港市星海湖公园景观水水质现状评价与改良措施初探

本文以连云港市星海湖公园景观湖为例,通过采样监测对该湖水质现状进行了评价,进而以目前流行的生态修复法为基础,针对景观湖生态修复尚存在的问题,结合该湖的污染特征,研究了景观湖水质改良的技术措施,并对实施效果进行了验证。     

Nonfatal injuries following Hurricane Katrina--New Orleans, Louisiana, 2005

The Journal of Safety Research has partnered with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, to briefly report on some of the latest findings in the research community. This report is the fourth edition in a series of CDC articles. BACKGROUND: An active injury and illness surveillance system was established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) along with the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals (LDHH) in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in functioning hospitals and medical clinics. RESULTS: The surveillance system recorded 7,543 nonfatal injuries among residents and relief workers between September 8-October 14, 2005. The leading mechanisms of injury identified in both groups were fall and cut/stab/pierce, with a greater proportion of residents compared to relief workers injured during the repopulation period. Clean-up was the most common activity at the time of injury for both groups. CONCLUSION: Injuries documented through this system underscore the need for surveillance of exposed populations to determine the injury burden and initiate injury prevention activities and health communication campaigns.     

Using a common commensal bacterium in endangered Takahe as a model to explore pathogen dynamics in isolated wildlife populations

Predicting and preventing outbreaks of infectious disease in endangered wildlife is problematic without an understanding of the biotic and abiotic factors that influence pathogen transmission and the genetic variation of microorganisms within and between these highly modified host communities. We used a common commensal bacterium, Campylobacter spp., in endangered Takahe (Porphyrio hochstetteri) populations to develop a model with which to study pathogen dynamics in isolated wildlife populations connected through ongoing translocations. Takahe are endemic to New Zealand, where their total population is approximately 230 individuals. Takahe were translocated from a single remnant wild population to multiple offshore and mainland reserves. Several fragmented subpopulations are maintained and connected through regular translocations. We tested 118 Takahe from 8 locations for fecal Campylobacter spp. via culture and DNA extraction and used PCR for species assignment. Factors relating to population connectivity and host life history were explored using multivariate analytical methods to determine associations between host variables and bacterial prevalence. The apparent prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in Takahe was 99%, one of the highest reported in avian populations. Variation in prevalence was evident among Campylobacter species identified. C. sp. nova 1 (90%) colonized the majority of Takahe tested. Prevalence of C. jejuni (38%) and C. coli (24%) was different between Takahe subpopulations, and this difference was associated with factors related to population management, captivity, rearing environment, and the presence of agricultural practices in the location in which birds were sampled. Modeling results of Campylobacter spp. in Takahe metapopulations suggest that anthropogenic management of endangered species within altered environments may have unforeseen effects on microbial exposure, carriage, and disease risk. Translocation of wildlife between locations could have unpredictable consequences including the spread of novel microbes between isolated populations.     

贵安新区地下水环境现状及保护对策

在充分收集贵安新区已有地质、水文地质等资料的基础上,结合工作区已经开展的地下水相关项目,总结了贵安新区的地下水环境现状,分析了新区的开发建设对地下水环境的影响,以此为基础,提出了贵安新区地下水开发利用和保护分区建议:分区筛选出地下水质量较好的10个富水块段作为未来新区主要的地下水开发利用区,建议尽快在这些地区开展供水水文地质详细勘查;根据新区规划和现有污染源划分了地下水重点保护区,建议尽快建立地下水环境监测网络;根据水质现状划分了地下水修复治理区,建议尽快设立专项对污染区进行修复。其成果将为贵安新区的地下水环境保护和管理提供科学依据。     

新型高效催化氧化技术的应用试验

采用新型高效催化氧化技术,在室内小试的基础上,将研究成果直接用于盘锦大兴化工有限公司高浓度COD的化工废水处理工程。     

环境空气质量新标准对“十二五”目标完成的影响

十二五"期间全国PM_(10)浓度陡增导致了达标城市比例降低,影响了《国家环境保护"十二五"规划》空气质量指标的完成。通过对PM_(10)浓度时间和空间变化分析,得出《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095-2012)的逐步实施对全国PM_(10)浓度的异常变化有着显著影响。新标准的发布施行,促进了PM_(10)监测仪器和方法更新升级,大幅收严了监测数据统计的有效性,提升了监测数据的质量控制水平,从主观和客观上更加有效的提高了监测数据的精度。     

新运粮河下游水质研究

新运粮河作为一条重要的入滇河流,其水质直接影响滇池的生态健康与环境安全。本文采用GB3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》研究各理化因子对其水质的影响,在2011年8月底到10月底,对其具有代表性的河段进行水质监测。结果表明：新运粮河下游河段全年水质均为劣V类,是所有滇池入湖河流中污染较严重的河流,其各河段（监测点）污染程度不同,越往下游水污染越严重;各理化指标对其污染贡献不同,SS、CODcr、BOD5、TN对新运粮河的污染贡献率分别为36％、30％、12％、11％,SS、CODCr TN、BOD。为其主控污染因子。     

雄安新区企业周边农田土壤-作物系统重金属污染风险及累积效应

为评估雄安新区企业密集区工业生产经营活动对其周边农田土壤和农作物中重金属污染风险的影响程度,系统分析企业周边农田区小麦籽实及其根系土壤重金属含量特征与超标情况,利用地累积指数(Igeo)和潜在生态风险指数(RI),采用主成分分析和相关分析等统计方法开展重金属污染风险评估和源解析.结果表明,根系土壤96.67％的样品存在1种以上重金属含量超出农用地土壤污染风险筛选值(GB 15618-2018),小麦籽实96.67％的样品Pb含量和16.67％的样品Cd含量超出食品安全国家标准(GB 2762-2017).根系土壤Cd和Pb污染相对严重,Igeo呈中～重污染以上等级状态的样品数占比分别为83.33％和53.33％,Cu、Hg和Zn处于轻污染和中污染状态的样品数占比90％以上,As和Ni呈现轻污染状态,Cr处于无污染状态.根系土壤样品RI介于212.69～1 022.69之间,73.33％的样品RI为强生态风险等级,Cd潜在生态危害最大,其次为Hg和Pb元素.土壤重金属Cd、Zn和Cu的富集主要受周边企业生产活动的影响,As、Hg和Pb除受企业生产活动因素影响外,还可能受汽车尾气、燃煤等人为源影响,Cr和Ni主要受自然地质背景因素影响.企业周边农田土壤-农作物系统重金属元素的累积与其距离企业距离(H)均呈负相关关系,距离企业越近,周边土壤-农作物系统重金属元素累积效应越显著.