The connectedness to nature scale: A measure of emotional connection to nature?

Mayer and Frantz (2004) proposed that their connectedness to nature scale (CNS) provides a measure of people's emotional connection to nature. After reanalyzing data from their article, collecting and analyzing our own data, and conducting a content analysis of CNS scale items, we conclude that the CNS does not measure an emotional connection to nature. Although results from our Study 1 and Study 2 support Mayer and Frantz's conclusion that the CNS measures one predominant factor, we suggest that factor measures cognitive beliefs and not emotional connections. Results from our Studies 3 and 4 suggest that the self-referential, less negatively toned wording of CNS items may account for differences in correlations, between the CNS and environmentalism (a measure of environmental identity) and between the New Ecological Paradigm Scale (a measure of environmental beliefs) and environmentalism, reported by Mayer and Frantz. In Study 5, we suggest that correlation differences reported by Mayer and Frantz may also be attributable to method variance, as opposed to content differences between the CNS and the New Ecological Paradigm scale. We provide recommendations for revising the CNS to focus on beliefs about their connection to nature.     

Long‐Term Water Quality and Biological Responses to Multiple Best Management Practices in Rock Creek,Idaho1

Abstract: Water quality and macroinvertebrate assemblage data from 1981 to 2005 were assessed to evaluate the water quality and biological responses of a western trout stream to the implementation of multiple best management practices (BMPs) on irrigated cropland. Data from Rock Creek near Twin Falls, Idaho, a long‐term monitoring site, were assembled from state and federal sources to provide the evaluation. Seasonal loads of the nonpoint source pollutants suspended sediment (SS), total phosphorus (TP), and nitrate‐nitrite (NN) were estimated using a regression model with time‐series streamflow data and constituent concentrations. Trends in the macroinvertebrate assemblages were evaluated using a number of biological metrics and nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination. Regression analysis found significant annual decreases in TP and SS flow‐adjusted concentrations during the BMP implementation period from 1983 to 1990 of about 7 and 10%, respectively. These results are coincident with the implementation of multiple BMPs on about 75% of the irrigated cropland in the watershed. Macroinvertebrate assemblages during this time also responded with a change in taxa composition resulting in improved biotic index scores. Taxon specific TP and SS optima, empirically derived from a large national dataset, predicted a decrease in SS concentrations of about 37% (52 to 33 mg/l) and a decrease in TP concentrations of about 50% (0.20 to 0.10 mg/l) from 1981 to 1987. Decreasing trends in TP, SS, and NN pollutant loads were primarily the result of naturally low streamflow conditions during the BMP post‐implementation period from 1993 to 2005. Trends in macroinvertebrate responses during 1993 to 2005 were confounded by the introduction of the New Zealand mudsnail (Potamopyrgus  antipodarum), which approached densities of 100,000 per m² in riffle habitat. The occurrence of this invasive species appears to have caused a major shift in composition and function of the macroinvertebrate assemblages.     

Reduced mercury deposition in New Hampshire from 1996 to 2002 due to changes in local sources

Changes in deposition of gaseous divalent mercury (Hg(II)) and particulate mercury (Hg(p)) in New Hampshire due to changes in local sources from 1996 to 2002 were assessed using the Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3) model (regional and global sources and Hg atmospheric reactions were not considered). Mercury (Hg) emissions in New Hampshire and adjacent areas decreased significantly (from 1540 to 880 kg yr⁻¹) during this period, and the average annual modeled deposition of total Hg also declined from 17 to 7.0 μg m⁻² yr⁻¹ for the same period. In 2002, the maximum amount of Hg deposition was modeled to be in southern New Hampshire, while for 1996 the maximum deposition occurred farther north and east. The ISCST3 was also used to evaluate two future scenarios. The average percent difference in deposition across all cells was 5% for the 50% reduction scenario and 9% for the 90% reduction scenario.     

Distribution of toxic trace elements in soil/sediment in post-Katrina New Orleans and the Louisiana Delta

This study provided a comprehensive assessment of seven toxic trace elements (As, Pb, V, Cr, Cd, Cu, and Hg) in the soil/sediment of Katrina affected greater New Orleans region 1 month after the recession of flood water. Results indicated significant contamination of As and V and non-significant contamination of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg and Pb at most sampling sites. Compared to the reported EPA Region 6 soil background inorganic levels, except As, the concentrations of other six elements had greatly increased throughout the studied area; St. Bernard Parish and Plaquemines Parish showed greater contamination than other regions. Comparison between pre- and post-Katrina data in similar areas, and data for surface, shallow, and deep samples indicated that the trace element distribution in post-Katrina New Orleans was not obviously attributed to the flooding. This study suggests that more detailed study of As and V contamination at identified locations is needed.     

新型城镇化所存在的资源环境问题及对策初探

新型城镇化是我国城镇化发展的必然选择,是我国城镇化健康发展的根本保证。土地资源、水资源、能源等和生态环境是城镇发展的基础和根本保障。城镇化的快速发展导致一系列资源环境问题,因而,城镇化与资源环境有着密切的关系。本文从我国新型城镇化的发展背景、内涵出发,从水资源、土地资源、能源、环境容量几个方面深入探讨了我国新型城镇化所存在的资源环境问题,并在此基础上提出对策,这对于促进新型城镇化的健康发展和我国资源环境的可持续发展均具有重要的学术价值与实践意义。     

地块尺度城市土地质量地球化学调查方法:以雄安新区起步区为例

以土地质量地球化学调查评价成果服务于城市土地资源精准管护为目标,选择中国城镇化探路者的雄安新区起步区为研究对象,采用差异化分类布设样点,开展不同采样密度条件下地块尺度土壤元素空间插值精度、地块（图斑）插值精度和地球化学预测评价等级准确度的定量评估研究.结果表明：①采用差异化分类布设样点方法使平面上随机分布的区域地球化学量变值在每一个地块（图斑）都有明确的量值反映,能满足城市土地资源精准管护对单一地块（图斑）具有质量属性的基本需求;②研究区土壤元素指标空间变异性以轻中度为主;其中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、N、P和Se受人类生产活动影响,具有较高的空间变异性;③相同采样密度条件下,元素含量空间变异性越大,其空间插值精度和图斑插值精度越低;同一种元素插值精度受采样密度的影响,但采样密度的增大并不一定能够识别土壤元素含量的结构性连续组分;区内土壤环境本底清洁,重金属含量低于GB15618-2018标准,其插值评价等级和实测评价等级结果基本一致;养分指标N、P和K含量区间变化大,受人为扰动和空间变异性等因素影响,其预测等级和实测等级差异较大;④采用16点·km^-2的采样密度开展地块尺度城市土地质量地球化学调查评价可以满足研究区及类似地区城市土地资源精准管控的需求.     

创新和提升建设项目环境保护管理的新举措

按照发展要有新思路，改革要有新突破，各项工作要有新举措的要求，解放思想，与时俱进，创新管理思路和方法，认真分析建设项目环境保护管理的现状和存在的问题。在改革开放新形势下，提出创新和提升建设项目环境保护管理的新举措，探索有效管理的新途径。     

变形监测在大跨浅埋公路隧道安全施工中的应用研究——以茅山隧道为例

介绍了当前隧道发展的前景、隧道变形监测在施工中的重要意义以及隧道监测技术的研究现状,以茅山西隧道的变形监测(主要为地表沉降、拱顶下沉、水平收敛、围岩压力、二衬内力)研究为例,说明变形监测在保证隧道安全施工的重要作用.     

Urban Ecosystem Services for Resilience Planning and Management in New York City

We review the current state of knowledge about urban ecosystem services in New York City (NYC) and how these services are regulated, planned for, and managed. Focusing on ecosystem services that have presented challenges in NYC—including stormwater quality enhancement and flood control, drinking water quality, food provisioning and recreation—we find that mismatches between the scale of production and scale of management occur where service provision is insufficient. Adequate production of locally produced services and services which are more accessible when produced locally is challenging in the context of dense urban development that is characteristic of NYC. Management approaches are needed to address scale mismatches in the production and consumption of ecosystem services. By coordinating along multiple scales of management and promoting best management practices, urban leaders have an opportunity to ensure that nature and ecosystem processes are protected in cities to support the delivery of fundamental urban ecosystem services.     

城市消防站选址布局优化及对雄安新区的启示

安全是雄安新区建设发展的重要保障和基础底线。消防救援队伍,承担火灾防范、火灾扑救、抢险救援等工作,是提升新区城市救援能力,保障城市安全的有生力量。消防站是消防救援队伍工作（执勤备战）的场所,优化消防站选址布局意义重大。面向雄安新区消防安全提升和应急救援能力提升需求,针对我国目前消防站建设过程中覆盖率低及消防站建设投资巨大等问题,建立位置集合覆盖模型和最大覆盖模型联合使用的选址方法,增加补充性约束条件对模型进行改进,提出基于GIS的选址模型应用流程,并通过实际案例应用研究,提出雄安新区消防站规划建设的启示建议。