环境保护新形势下综合性开发区规划环评工作方法探讨——以江苏省太湖流域的开发区规划环评为例

以灰霾、水质污染等为主要特征的环境问题日益突出,人民群众对蓝天、清水、净土的期盼日益强烈.规划环评作为规划实施前期环境战略安排,能较好地解决长期性、区域性的环境问题.选取江苏省太湖流域一个综合性开发区,以区域环境质量改善作为规划方案合理与否的一个重要准则.通过规划环评引导开发区在维持快速发展的同时进一步减少污染物排放,集约利用资源能源,并基于生态敏感性、适宜性确定合理的开发格局,为开发强度高、现状环境问题较突出的同类开发区规划环评提供借鉴.     

雄安新区唐河污水库残留污染物对地下水水化学动态的作用机制

唐河污水库位于雄安新区白洋淀西侧,污水库渗漏和污水灌溉历时长达40 a,包气带中累积大量污染物.识别污水渗漏和灌溉复合系统残留污染物对地下水水化学动态的作用机制,对雄安新区的水环境保护至关重要.利用水化学离子示踪及改进的氯碱指数等水文地球化学方法,解析浅层地下水水化学时空特征及演化机制.结果表明,污水库区地下水水化学类型为SO₄ ·HCO₃-Na型,平均污水混合比例为48.4%,阳离子交替吸附作用和岩盐溶解作用分别为地下水提供了29.9%和8.6%的钠离子;污灌区地下水水化学类型为SO₄ ·HCO₃-Na ·Mg型,平均污水混合比例为58.3%,阳离子交替吸附作用降低了地下水中8.1%的钠离子;降水和灌溉水的混合稀释作用导致残留污水混合比例和矿物饱和指数降低,促进地下水中钠离子与土壤胶体吸附的钙镁离子的交换作用.含水层反硝化作用能有效减少地下水硝酸盐污染.此外,污水库修复前后污水比例分别为61.5%和49.3%.污水渗漏和灌溉复合系统中长期滞留的污染物将在降雨和灌溉模式驱动下以不同程度的污水物理混合和水岩相互作用持续影响浅层地下水水质.     

Action research and residential waste minimisation in Palmerston North,New Zealand

This research adds an action research approach to mixed methods to understand the drivers and barriers to residential waste minimisation in Palmerston North, New Zealand. While local, national, and global structural barriers persisted outside the participants’ immediate control, action research enhanced waste minimisation practices within the limits of these structural barriers. The reflexive and collaborative principles of action research allowed research participants to identify individualised needs and challenges. Thus, the research proceeded according to the participants’ circumstances. Some of the key drivers included a sense of accountability, active learning, social support, convenience, affordability, and access to information and resources. The participants also offered recommendations to the City Council, producers, and policy-makers to enhance residential waste minimisation in Palmerston North. While the value-action gap persists in purely quantitative waste research seeking to understand and change waste behaviour, action research was beneficial as it added a more nuanced understanding of participants’ waste behaviours. It also contextualised waste-related practices and attitudes in a specific locale.