Light rail use is more likely on “walkable” blocks: Further support for using micro-level environmental audit measures

The primary purpose of the study was to address the claim that people are more likely to walk to a transit stop if they live on a “walkable” block. An additional purpose was to evaluate the Irvine Minnesota Inventory (IMI) as an environmental audit tool. The IMI was used to measure walkability features of 19 blocks in a revitalizing neighborhood. We hypothesized that residents who walked to a light rail TRAX stop (n = 22) would live on blocks with higher walkability ratings compared to residents who did not walk to TRAX (nonriders, n = 15), or who walked only after a closer TRAX stop was built (new users, n = 11). A MANCOVA indicated the IMI scales differentiated the blocks; the strongest differences were obtained in subscales that measured the block's diversity, safety from crime and density (marginally significant). Participants' perceptions of their complete walk to the transit stop were consistent with the home block IMI scores, with the continuing riders having more positive views than the other two groups. The results show the ability of the IMI to distinguish among blocks in walkability, and support further use of this audit tool in environmental analyses and active living research. We end with a discussion of conceptual and methodological issues in the use of audit tools and provide recommendations for using these measures for local, immediate interests, as well as for building a broader science of environmental measurement.     

PTFE乳液涂层对针刺毡复合滤料过滤性能的改良

采用PTFE乳液对P84.PTFE混纺针刺毡复合滤料进行涂层整理,并将其与未经整理的试样进行VDI滤料过滤性能模拟测试,进而阐述PTFE乳液涂层对该复合滤料过滤性能的影响。     

灯丝电源抗30kV高压反馈脉冲的可靠性设计

本文着重讨论如何解决当某大功率装置的大电流开关动作时,灯丝电源装置抗30kV的高压反馈脉冲的冲击的问题,通过可靠性改进措施,在高压强流环境(尤其是单次高压强流环境)中,为大电流开关灯丝的加热提供了可靠的抗高压强流冲击的直流加热电源。     

采用浅水盘加湿方式实现低温高湿应力

目前运用最为广范的加湿方法是利用浅水盘加湿,根据其加湿原理分析,浅水盘加湿方法一般只能控制在常温以上的湿度。本文介绍一种方法,结合湿度原理在不对设备进行改造的情况下实现了低温高湿的试验应力。同时,反应出国外某些先进设备对试验风险的完善考虑。     

电除尘器高频电源的提效节能应用

对电除尘器高频电源的基本结构、技术性能特点作了简要介绍,阐述了高频电源的提效节能原理,提供了具体应用实例作为佐证,并推荐了适合高频电源应用的场合。     

钢筋混凝土结构抗火研究进展与趋势

火灾高温对钢筋混凝土结构材性有显著影响,极易造成结构损伤、破坏甚至倒塌。在大量阅读国内外文献的基础上,从建筑火灾发展过程研究、钢筋混凝土结构在火灾中的行为研究、钢筋混凝土结构抗火设计方法的研究、火灾后钢筋混凝土结构的损伤评估和加固方法的研究等4个方面对钢筋混凝土结构抗火研究进行了论述;总结了目前国内外钢筋混凝土结构抗火研究的主要进展及成果;指出了结构抗火研究尚存在的一些问题;最后,对结构抗火研究趋势进行了展望。     

Integrated landscape planning and remuneration of agri-environmental services. Results of a case study in the Fuhrberg region of Germany

Until now, existing remuneration of environmental services has not sufficiently supported the goals of spending money more effectively on the environment and of motivating farmers. Only a small share of the budgets for agriculture in the EU, as well as in US and other countries, is available for buying environmental goods and services beyond the level of good farming practice (GFP). This combined with the insufficient targeting of compensation payments to areas where special measures are needed leads to an unsatisfactorily low impact of agri-environment measures compared to other driving forces that stimulate the intensification of farming. The goal of this paper is to propose a management concept that enhances the ecological and cost efficiency of agri-environment measures. Components of the concept are a comprehensive environmental information base with prioritised goals and targets (available in Germany from landscape planning) and new remuneration models, which complement conventional compensation payments that are based upon predetermined measures and cost. Comprehensive landscape planning locates and prioritises areas which require environmental action. It contains the information that authorities need to prioritise funding for environmental services and direct measures to sites which need environmental services beyond the level of GFP.Also appropriate remuneration models, which can enhance the cost efficiency of public spending and the motivation of the farmers, can be applied on the base of landscape planning.Testing of the planning methodology and of one of the remuneration models (success-oriented remuneration) in a case study area (“Fuhrberger Feld” north of Hanover, Germany) demonstrated the usability of the concept and led to proposals for future development of the methodology and its application in combination with other approaches.     

Seasonal and diurnal gas exchange differences in ozone-sensitive common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) in relation to ozone uptake

Stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) plants in two different soil moisture regimes were directly quantified and subsequently modeled over an entire growing season. Direct measurements captured the dynamic response of stomatal conductance to changing environmental conditions throughout the day, as well as declining gas exchange and carbon assimilation throughout the growth period beyond an early summer maximum. This phenomenon was observed in plants grown both with and without supplemental soil moisture, the latter of which should theoretically mitigate against harmful physiological effects caused by exposure to ozone. Seasonally declining rates of stomatal conductance were found to be substantial and incorporated into models, making them less susceptible to the overestimations of effective exposure that are an inherent source of error in ozone exposure indices. The species-specific evidence presented here supports the integration of dynamic physiological processes into flux-based modeling approaches for the prediction of ozone injury in vegetation.     

高速列车ATP控车模式的形式化模型与安全性分析

通过评述当前高速列车的发展现状和趋势,结合我国与欧洲在高速列车应用与相关技术研发方面的差距;对ATP控车模式进行分析,并提出采用时段演算针对实时、连续系统的形式化描述工具;根据时段演算的基本符号、公理、定理和推导规则,建立基于时段演算的ATP控车模式形式化模型;通过对模型的推演,对ATP控车模式进行初步安全性分析,发现ATP控车模式下对安全运行发挥主要作用的几个关键环节,特别是确保列车安全行驶,ATP控车与人工控制在转换时应满足的若干时间约束。研究的成果,为设计安全、可靠的ATP系统提供新的理论和分析手段。     

硫高温腐蚀及腐蚀产物氧化自燃性的研究

随着炼制原油硫含量的增加,炼油装置的硫腐蚀问题也日益严重.针对硫高温腐蚀状况,用差热-热重分析仪研究硫与Fe(OH)3、Fe2O3和Fe3O4发生硫化腐蚀反应的初始温度,并采用X射线衍射仪鉴定了360 ℃高温无氧条件下硫化腐蚀产物的组成.结果表明,硫与Fe(OH)3、Fe2O3和Fe3O4发生硫化反应的初始温度分别为287.67 ℃、233.34℃和308.47 ℃;高温硫化腐蚀产物主要是FeS2.对硫化产物FeS2进行氧化反应,氧化升温曲线和耗氧曲线表明,硫化腐蚀产物FeS2具有很高的氧化自燃性,在一定条件下能引发油品火灾和爆炸等事故.