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541.
柴油机污染物排放后处理技术的研究进展 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
国内外柴油机主要排放物NOx和微粒的后处理技术的研究现状和最新技术发展动态表明,机内、机外处理技术的组合,是达到未来柴油机排放标准、实现大幅度降低柴油机污染物排放的趋势。分析了各种机外净化技术的特点和存在问题,阐述了燃油含硫量对柴油机排放后处理的影响。 相似文献
542.
缺氧条件下聚磷菌利用硝酸盐吸磷的研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
为配合某新型反硝化聚磷设备生物除磷脱氮工艺的生产试验,利用静态实验方法研究了聚磷菌在缺氧状态下以硝酸盐作氧供体时吸磷作用。实验表明,聚磷菌在缺氧条件下,会利用硝酸盐作氧供体进行吸磷,说明缺氧聚磷可代替传统的耗氧吸磷,但NO3-N浓度必须保持在0.4mg/L以上。实验还表明,不同的氮磷比对聚磷菌吸磷效果有影响,最佳氮磷比为3.2:1,此时磷的去除率可达100%,氮的去除率亦可达98%。 相似文献
543.
Large amounts of waterborne nutrients are major problems for society since they can cause harmful algal blooms in surface water bodies. Consequently, there are a variety of national and international guidelines, e.g. Swedish National Environmental Quality Objectives and the EU Water Framework Directive, which include targets to be achieved within a certain time frame. This paper uses the example of a large Swedish lake to show that national and international targets must be adapted to the local situations. Despite decreasing nutrient concentrations, cyanobacterial blooms in the lake have increased over recent years. We found that these blooms coincide with depleted nitrate–nitrogen concentrations and increased water temperatures. We propose a simple model with water temperature, nitrate–nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations as input variables as a basis for formulation of regional eutrophication targets. Political decisions should be preceded by open discussion between policymakers and scientists to differentiate between real knowledge, assumptions or feelings. For optimal results, recommendations for reducing nutrient load should consider all sources, including urban stormwater and wastewater from rural houses, and should be founded on a balanced reduction in emissions of algae-available nutrients. In addition, climate change calls for more effective environmental policy to protect surface water resources. 相似文献
544.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(7):213-228
Bisphenol A (BPA) has received increasing attention due to its long-term industrial application and persistence in environmental pollution. Iron-based carbon catalyst activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) shows a good prospect for effective elimination of recalcitrant contaminants in water. Herein, considering the problem about the leaching of iron ions and the optimization of heteroatoms doping, the iron, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped tremella-like carbon catalyst (Fe-NS@C) was rationally designed using very little iron, S-C3N4 and low-cost chitosan (CS) via the impregnation-calcination method. The as-prepared Fe-NS@C exhibited excellent performance for complete removal of BPA (20 mg/L) by activating PMS with the high kinetic constant (1.492 min−1) in 15 min. Besides, the Fe-NS@C/PMS system not only possessed wide pH adaptation and high resistance to environmental interference, but also maintained an excellent degradation efficiency on different pollutants. Impressively, increased S-C3N4 doping amount modulated the contents of different N species in Fe-NS@C, and the catalytic activity of Fe-NS@C-1-x was visibly enhanced with increasing S-C3N4 contents, verifying pyridine N and Fe-Nx as main active sites in the system. Meanwhile, thiophene sulfur (C-S-C) as active sites played an auxiliary role. Furthermore, quenching experiment, EPR analysis and electrochemical test proved that surface-bound radicals (·OH and SO4⋅−) and non-radical pathways worked in the BPA degradation (the former played a dominant role). Finally, possible BPA degradation route were proposed. This work provided a promising way to synthesize the novel Fe, N and S co-doping carbon catalyst for degrading organic pollutants with low metal leaching and high catalytic ability. 相似文献
545.
Weilong Ouyang Yi Zhou Xiaoqi Fei Yarong Bai Haiqiang Wang Zhongbiao Wu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(1):175-184
Herein, a series of niobium oxide supported cerium nanotubes(Ce NTs) catalysts with different loading amount of Nb2O5(0–10 wt.%) were prepared and used for selective catalytic reduction of NOxwith NH3(NH3-SCR) in the presence of CH2Cl2. Commercial V2O5-WO3-TiO2 catalyst was also prepared for comparison. The physcial properties and chemical properties of the Nb2O5 lo... 相似文献
546.
Zhenfeng Han Ying Miao Jing Dong Zhiqiang Shen Yuexi Zhou Shan Liu Chunping Yang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(4):52
547.
548.
H. -W. Jacobi R. Weller A. E. Jones P. S. Anderson O. Schrems 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2000,34(29-30)
Because investigations of PAN at higher southern latitudes are very scarce, we measured surface PAN concentrations for the first time in Antarctica. During the Photochemical Experiment at Neumayer (PEAN'99) campaign mean surface PAN mixing ratios of 13±7 pptv and maximum values of 48 pptv were found. When these PAN mixing ratios were compared to the sum of NOx and inorganic nitrate they were found to be equal or higher. Low ambient air temperatures and low PAN concentrations caused a slow homogeneous PAN decomposition rate of approximately 5×10−2 pptv h−1. These slow decay rates were not sufficient to firmly establish the simultaneously observed NOx concentrations. In addition, low concentration ratios of [HNO3]/[NOx] imply that the photochemical production of NOx within the snow pack can influence surface NOx mixing ratios in Antarctica. Alternate measurements of PAN mixing ratios at two different heights above the snow surface were performed to derive fluxes between the lower troposphere and the underlying snow pack using calculated friction velocities. Most of the concentration differences were below the precision of the measurements. Therefore, only an upper limit for the PAN flux of ±1×1013 molecules m−2 s−1 without a predominant direction can be estimated. However, PAN fluxes below this limit can still influence both the transfer of nitrogen compounds between atmosphere and ice, and the PAN budget in higher southern latitudes. 相似文献
549.
随着对气候变化日趋关注,人们对生态系统气体交换及其主要影响因素进行了大量研究。短花针茅草原作为荒漠草原的典型代表,是亚洲特有的一种草原类型,是最干旱的草原类型,生态环境异常严酷,系统极度脆弱,稳定性差,在自然和人为干扰下极易退化。以短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)草原为研究对象,通过控制降雨量以及氮素添加对生态系统气体交换进行监测,研究气体交换对降雨量和氮素添加的响应过程,揭示降雨量和氮素添加对生态系统气体交换的影响作用。该文在2012年自然条件下,采用自动CO2通量系统(Li-6400, Li-COR, Lincoln, NE, USA)野外测定短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)草原生态系统气体交换数据,比较研究了增雨施肥(WN)、增雨不施肥(W)、减雨施肥(RN)、减雨不施肥(R)、单独施肥(N)、自然状况(CK)条件下2012年气体交换变化规律。结果表明:整个生长季生态系统净 CO2交换(NEE)、总的生态系统生产力(GEP)、生态系统呼吸值(ER)都呈先升高后降低的趋势,并在生长旺盛期(8月)达到最大值。NEE在N、W处理下有升高,其他处理都降低。ER在N、WN处理下都有升高,其他处理都降低。GEP在W、N、WN处理下都有升高,其他处理都降低。NEE、ER、GEP都是在N处理中达到最大值。 相似文献
550.