北京市公交车噪声测试与分析

公交车已成为当前北京市道路交通噪声的主要束源之一,针对公交车声源模型缺乏而沿用大型车声源模型所致的噪声预测误差问题,在北京市选取了两类常见公交车进行了537辆车的单车通过噪声测试,在无效数据剔除和背景噪声修正后,利用回归分析法获得了北京市公交车声源模型,通过与现有《公路建设项目环境影响评价规范》中大型车声源模型的比较,显示出建立北京市公交车噪声声源模型的必要性。基于《公路建设项目环境影响评价规范》中的道路交通噪声预测方法,提出了符合北京市实际情况的道路交通噪声预测模型。     

南京市声环境功能区划分的相关问题探讨

以城市总体规划为指导,对南京市声环境功能区划进行调整。根据相关技术规范,按照宜粗不宜细的原则,对城市和乡村功能区分别进行划分;明确了4类声功能区的距离范围,更加符合噪声传播特性;针对噪声污染特点,对于相关规范未涵盖的内容作了补充规定,使声环境管理更具针对性。区划结果表明,主城区1类区和3类区比例有所减小,2类区比例有所增加,全市范围内1类区比例仍为最高。     

Traffic noise and executive functioning in urban primary school children: The moderating role of gender

The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between noise and school children's executive functioning (EF). The study included 311 children (146 boys and 165 girls) aged 7–11 years, who lived in the center of Belgrade. Teachers rated children's EF on a standard scale evaluating their ability to work independently in a focused manner to achieve an end goal as well as children's ability to follow directions carefully. Residential noise exposure was estimated in three daytime intervals, one evening interval and two nighttime intervals in the middle of the streets where children lived. School noise exposure was measured on three different school days in front of children's schools. Socioeconomic status (mother's highest level of education and family income) was used as a statistical control. There were no significant main effects of ambient noise levels on EF, however, a significant interaction indicated adverse noise impacts on boy's EF. We discuss possible reasons for male EF vulnerability to noise.     

Application of Prevention through Design for hearing loss in the mining industry

INTRODUCTION: Overexposure to noise remains a widespread and serious health hazard in the U.S. service providing and goods producing industries. Excessive noise can lead to poor verbal communication and reduce the ability to recognize warning signals. These dangerous work conditions can also cause stress and fatigue. Occupational hearing loss is a permanent illness, with no recovery currently possible. METHOD: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has recognized Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) as one of the ten leading work-related diseases and injuries in the United States, and has emphasized its importance as one of the critical areas expressed in the National Occupational Research Agenda. RESULTS: One of the most serious noise problems in the goods producing industries is the operation of continuous mining machines during underground coal mining. In order to minimize occupational hearing loss, noise hazards are "designed out" early in the design process. NIOSH is leading a national initiative called Prevention through Design (PTD) to promote this concept. This paper describes the quiet-by-design approach of a noise control that reduced noise exposures of continuous mining machine operators by 3dB(A) using the four functional areas of PTD, namely Practice, Policy, Research, and Education.     

用射流装置消除大型泵机组的汽蚀振动

一大型石化工程中乙烯乙二醇装置用碳酸盐泵投料运行后,泵机组和进出口管线就发生异常的噪声与振动现象,严重影响到生产安全和作业环境。笔者分析了异常噪声、振动的原因,认为是由于泵发生汽蚀所致;提出了在泵进口管线增设射流装置的措施,将泵自身出口的一部分高压液体引入到射流装置,并与来自储罐的液体混合,增加液体压头后提供给泵进口,以提高装置的有效汽蚀余量,消除大型泵机组由于汽蚀引起的噪声、振动;研讨了射流装置的设计参数和结构设计。通过增设射流装置的技术的措施,有效地解决了泵机组及进出口管线的异常噪声、振动问题,消除了化工系统的安全生产隐患。该技术措施还可以用于电厂等有类似问题的其他装置,有广泛的实用价值。     

对环境影响评价中常用的几种公路交通噪声预测模式的适用性研究

道路交通噪声预测是公路建设环境影响评价中一个重要的环节,它对我们判断、分析公路交通噪声对沿线保护目标的影响程度,以及针对影响采取何种有效措施有积极的作用;本文重点就目前环评中常用的几种公路噪声预测模型对省内已建成的不同等级公路进行噪声预测,并与其实际监测结果进行对比分析,据此,论述在相同争件下各种预测模式计算结果产生误差的原因,得出各种噪声预测模式的适用性结论。     

鼓风曝气系统管道噪声控制研究

利用声压测量技术判知某城市污水处理厂鼓风曝气系统以管道再生噪声为主要噪声源，采取加大管道直径、减少管道截面变化，加接消声器等措施后，噪声污染已控制到国家允许标准以下。     

高架复合道路交通噪声时空分布规律研究

通过对杭州市典型高架复合道路交通噪声监测,研究高架复合道路交通噪声的时空分布规律。结果表明,噪声与车流量、车辆类型及车速密切相关;噪声随着与高架路距离的增大,地面各测点的噪声值呈递减趋势;高架复合道路平直段与下坡路段的噪声在临街建筑竖直立面的分布规律基本一致,但在不同高度的影响程度上存在一定差异。     

我国城市噪声污染现状与特征

通过对8个大城市功能区噪声监测数据的分析,阐述了我国城市噪声主要污染区域、主要超标时段、噪声时间分布及季度变化等特征,为管理部门制定噪声防治政策提供参考.     

北京城市声环境自动监测系统监测点位布设方法初探

噪声自动监测相对手工监测而言,更能真实反映城市声环境质量,随着噪声自动监测技术的不断完善,自动监测替代手工监测已成为必然趋势.但目前我国城市声环境自动监测系统正处于起步阶段,国内还没有对声环境自动监测系统的点位布设提出成熟、合理的方案.文章结合北京市声环境自动监测系统建设的实际工作情况,对监测系统总体框架、自动监测点位布设的原则及方法等进行了阐述并提出近期需要解决的问题.