A GIS-based approach for the screening assessment of noise and vibration impacts from transit projects

Urban transportation projects are essential in increasing the efficiency of moving people and goods within a city, and between cities. Environmental impacts from such projects must be evaluated and mitigated, as applicable. Spatial modeling is a valuable tool for quantifying the potential level of environmental consequences within the context of an environmental impact assessment (EIA) study. This paper presents a GIS-based tool for the assessment of airborne-noise and ground-borne vibration from public transit systems, and its application to an actual project. The tool is based on the US Federal Transit Administration's (FTA) approach, and incorporates spatial information, satellite imaging, geostatistical modeling, and software programming. The tool is applied on a case study of initial environmental evaluation of a light rail transit project in an urban city in the Middle East, to evaluate alternative layouts. The tool readily allowed the alternative evaluation and the results were used as input to a multi-criteria analytic framework.     

Levels and Influencing Factors of Noise Pollution from Small-Scale Industries (SSIs) in a Developing Country

A study was carried out to determine levels and factors that influence noise pollution from small-scale industries (SSIs) in Dar es Salaam City Tanzania. Two sites for wood- and metalworks industries were investigated. Both sites exhibited equivalent noise levels higher than 90.0 dBA, the permissible exposure level limit for occupational noise. At a woodworks SSI, noise levels were found to correlate well with machine-use age, wood-feed speed, and wood-cut depth. Additionally, noise emanating from both types of SSIs was found to influence the level of environmental noise in the neighborhood of the SSIs. One woodworks SSI was found to have a circle of influence of about 140 m. The study concluded that SSIs present a serious source of environmental noise pollution in their neighborhoods. Noise pollution from SSIs is greatly influenced by the type of SSIs and the activities they carry out, the type and age of machines they use, their location relative to residential areas in their vicinity, and in-house noise control measures.     

护耳器使用现状评述

研究表明：护耳器现场使用实际声衰减值低于实验室值,其原因是护耳器的实验室测量条件较为严格。工人在现场实际使用护耳器时,未能同实验室中的受试者一样佩戴护耳器,因而获得的护耳器声衰减比实验室所测得的值低。另一方面,在８小时强噪声环境中工作期间,未自始至终佩戴护耳器,则也达不到预期的保护听力的效果。笔者还综合分析和评述了护耳器现场使用时实际声衰减值降低的原因,并提出了一些有益的建议     

噪声对岗位职工血三脂水平影响的调查分析

通过对金川公司１２４８名职工血三脂水平调查的结果表明：长期在噪声环境下作业,会导致血清中总胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量增高;噪声暴露量与血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯的含量及血三脂的异常率呈正相关,与高密度脂蛋白的含量呈负相关;建议把血三脂的测定作为噪声岗位职工的健康监护指标之一。     

面向智慧城市的分布式噪声管理系统设计

针对城市噪声污染多头管理、监测方法单一、治理效率低等问题,基于Android 4G技术城市环境噪声分布式监测设计思想,介绍智慧城市噪声分布式监测的应用方法。以移动终端作为传感器节点替代传统集中式噪声监测的分布式监测方法,依托云计算数据处理平台,解决了监测网络数据管理分散、定点检测站和一些手持检测设备收集数据引起的信息滞后的问题,有益于实现城市环境噪声污染数据分析、处理和融合等复杂功能,使各种质控任务和标准传递等复杂任务得到自动化执行与反馈,将对城市噪声污染联防联控起到积极推动作用。     

广州白云国际机场噪声污染评价

通过对广州白云国际机场噪声污染现状的分析和评价,表明,飞机起飞和降落时产生的噪声污染严重。地处航线下的荔湾区10多家中小学的教学活动、医院的医疗活动以及居民的生活、学习、工作由于飞机的频繁升降,均受到了不同程度的影响。对拟建的新白云国际机场噪声污染的预测表明,2005年在LWECPN>85dB环境下生活的人数约1.35万,80dB～85dB环境下生活的人数约2.3万,75dB～80dB环境下生活的人数约5.1万,70dB～75dB环境下生活的人数约10.1万。     

FHWA模式在港口建设项目环评中的应用

运用美国ＦＨＷＡ公路噪声预测模式对秦皇岛新港口建设引起的相关公路两侧垢学环境变化进行了预测。通过预测与实测结果对比,证明了ＦＨＷＡ模式不仅适用于公路建设项目环境影响评价,而且适合于港口建设项目环境影响评价。     

张家港市声环境相关问题问卷调查

对张家港市7个镇176名居民进行了有关声环境保护的问卷调查.结果表明,张家港市声环境质量近年来得到改善,57％的调查对象对声环境质量感到满意,市民对声环境的关注度较高.调查对象认为主要噪声污染源为建筑施工源,其次为工业源,然后是交通运输源,最后为社会生活噪声.4种噪声源实际导致的噪声污染事件数量间没有明显差别,其中社会...     

中梁山煤矿北矿瓦斯泵房噪声治理

本文对分布面广而复杂的瓦斯泵房噪声源进行了测试和深入的分析,采用综合治理的方法使居民区噪声达到了国家城市环境噪声标准的要求,瓦斯泵房内降噪显著,取得了理想的治理效果。     

环境噪声标准体系设计与相互关系研究

针对当前突出的环境噪声问题,提出了噪声管理需要3个层次不同的标准,每种标准有适用的对象、制订依据、作用和特征,在介绍不同层次标准相互关系基础上提出标准制订和修订的建议.