What’s missing from Ostrom? Combining design principles with the theory of sociocultural viability

Since 1990, Elinor Ostrom’s design principles for common property resource (CPR) institutions have been highly influential, offering a counter to pessimistic arguments about resource users’ prospects of cooperating to manage CPRs sustainably. However, the theoretical underpinnings of Ostrom’s theory have been criticised: as unfairly negative towards macro-level interventions; as utilising an overly narrow conceptualisation of rationality; and under appreciative of the role of power. These criticisms are examined using insights drawn from the theory of sociocultural viability (cultural theory, for short), a theory of plural rationality related to context. Utilising the case of Faroese whaling, the research aim is to assess the extent that cultural theory ameliorates criticisms laid at Ostrom’s design principles. It finds that Ostrom’s research trajectory was reaching the limits of methodological individualism’s ability to grasp rational behaviour and suggests the design principles may in effect be integrated with cultural theory.     

Infiltrating citizen-driven initiatives for sustainability

To examine how citizen-driven initiatives for sustainability strive to bring about change and spread their practices, efforts to link social movement, grassroots innovation and green-consumption movements theory are built upon. Göteborg’s citizen-driven waste-prevention initiatives, such as food waste recovery, creating common reuse spaces in housing blocks, exchanging used toys and repairing abandoned bicycles, are considered with data from observations, workshops, documents, social media communications and in-depth interviews. Citizen-driven initiatives succeeded in mobilizing material resources, displaying and reframing various rationales, and creating collaborative local networks to develop their waste-prevention practices. These practices infiltrated the municipal administration, matching incipient institutional mandates to minimize waste. By so doing, they bring within mainstream institutions radical rationales that can become activated in the future, contributing to diachronic change.     

Domestic politics and the formation of international environmental agreements

We investigate the effect of domestic politics on international environmental policy by incorporating into a classic stage game of coalition formation the phenomenon of lobbying by special-interest groups. In doing so, we contribute to the theory of international environmental agreements, which has overwhelmingly assumed that governments make decisions based on a single set of public-interest motivations. Our results suggest that lobbying on emissions may affect the size of the stable coalition in counterintuitive ways. In particular, a powerful business lobby may increase the government's incentives to sign an agreement, by providing it with strong bargaining power with respect to that lobby at the emission stage. This would result in lower total emissions when the number of countries involved is not too large. We also show that things change radically when lobbying bears directly on the membership decisions, suggesting that both the object and timing of lobbying matter for the way in which membership decisions, emissions and welfare are affected.     

Critical reflections on the theory and practice of social sustainability in the built environment – a meta-analysis

This article presents a critical reflection on the theory and practice of social sustainability in the built environment, identifies areas of agreement and disagreement, explores theoretical and conceptual gaps and challenges, and suggests practical implications for future research and urban policy. It argues that despite revisionist approaches which challenge the tripartite structure of sustainable development, social dimension of sustainability remains an essential valid pillar. Utilising a qualitative meta-analysis methodology for undertaking critical analysis of previous research and publications on the topic, key themes of theory and practice of social sustainability are identified and critically examined. Accordingly, 10 key formative characteristics of social sustainability and their research and policy implications are introduced. The article concludes with institutional observations for policy-makers to achieve greater success in addressing largely underestimated dimensions of social sustainability in urban settings.     

黑箱理论用于甲醇废水的色谱分析

利用黑箱理论对色谱条件进行了优化。对于甲醇废水,由ＧＣ／ＭＳ定性,用ＧＤＸ－２０３＋５％聚乙二醇－２０Ｍ作固定相,ＦＩＤ检测。建立了分析甲醇废水中痕量级Ｃ１－Ｃ５醇的气相色谱分析方法。检测下限：Ｃ１－Ｃ３醇为１μｇ／ｍｌ,Ｃ４醇为３μｇ／ｍｌ。     

河流水质系统的灰色规划方法和应用

借助于河流水质灰色模型,可以对河流水质系统进行灰色规划。灰色规划考虑了实际河流水质系统中客观存在的不确知因素和偶然因素影响,概述了河流水质系统的灰色规划模型的构造、河流水质系统灰色规划模型的求解及其在四川沱江水质系统规划中的应用。     

灰色系统理论在湖泊水质预测建模中的应用

本文将灰色系统理论应用于湖泊水质预测建模研究,提出了湖泊水质预测的建模方法,并建立了某湖化学需氧量(COD)的GM(1,1)预测模型。      

岩石边坡稳定性的可靠性理论评价研究

本文撇开了传统的整体刚性极限平衡法和条分法等安全每当法评价边坡的稳定性，采用可靠性理论对边坡稳定性进行评价，实践证明它是一种更符合工程实际的新方法。     

旋风水膜除尘器的捕尘性能和结构设计

借助于Leith和Licht的边界层分离理论 ,对轴向出风旋风水膜除尘器的捕尘性能进行了分析 ,得出了捕尘效率的理论公式、径高比等无量纲准数     

A generalized analytical solution for turbulent dispersion with inhomogeneous wind and diffusion coefficient

A technique is presented to solve analytically the turbulent diffusion equation for the concentration of a passive contaminant emitted from an elevated continuous source into the atmosphere. A generalized method of solution using Sturm–Liouville and WKB theories is developed to overcome difficulties due to the height‐dependent wind velocity and diffusion coefficient appearing in the diffusion equation. The method presented in this paper is able to derive an asymptotic expression for the concentration obtained from the solution of the atmospheric diffusion equation which involves explicitly inhomogeneous wind velocity and diffusion coefficient. The diffusion equation model derived from this method can be applied in a practical prediction of contaminant concentration in a turbulent atmosphere. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.