基于能值理论武陵山片区旅游生态化水平测度与空间异质性分析

旅游生态化是实现旅游可持续发展的重要途径,而旅游生态化水平测度是旅游生态化研究的基础工作。本文创新性地构建了基于能值理论的旅游地生态化水平分析框架及测度模型。以武陵山片区为研究对象,基于研究区域2018年相关截面数据,以县级行政单位为研究单元对旅游生态化水平进行测度。测度结果表明：武陵山片区旅游生态化水平为中等偏下水平;县域单元等级数量呈“金字塔”形分布;评价体系目标层指标存在显著性差异。探索性空间数据分析方法分析表明研究区域旅游生态化水平空间分布上显示较为明显的集聚特征,显示较强的正相关,异质性弱。分指标空间分布显示大多数县域单元旅游社会经济的发展与环境保护不同步。     

Variations in public and private employees’ perceptions of organizational preparedness for natural disasters

Studies have demonstrated that public and private organizations differ in many respects (e.g. funding mechanisms and risk-taking capabilities). Based on this scholarship, we expect to see differences in their disaster preparedness levels. Hence, we propose the following research question: Are there variations in public and private employees’ perceptions of organizational preparedness for natural disasters? We answer this question by employing the theories of publicness and social identity. We define publicness through the core approach arguing that public and private organizations are uniquely different based on their legal status or ownership and social identity as an individual’s feeling of oneness or belongingness to a particular group or organization. Using data gathered in 2014 from a nationally representative sample of 1634 public and private employees in the United States, we posit that employees of private organizations will report higher preparedness levels in comparison to employees of public organizations. Our proposition is based on scholarship that found a negative relationship between publicness and organizational identification and a positive relationship between organizational identification and organizational performance. Contrary to our proposition, but in line with the disaster literature, the results showed that in general, employees of public organizations reported a higher preparedness level than employees of private organizations.     

Integration of fuzzy reliability analysis and consequence simulation to conduct risk assessment

Losses of containment within the natural gas network, located in most populated areas, could cause environmental damage, injuries, or even death. Accordingly, it is pivotal to adopt proper approaches to assess and mitigate the risk arising from potential losses. Within this context, it is required to exploit solid reliability and consequence analysis techniques. To this end, this paper presents a methodology established on the integration of a Fuzzy Bayesian Network and consequence simulation. The Bayesian Network is more flexible and realistic than classic approaches because it can consider conditional probabilities and prior information. Furthermore, Leaky Noisy-OR Gates are exploited to allow an easier filling of the Conditional Probability Tables. This task is performed through expert elicitation, adopting Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set Theory and Similarity Aggregation Method. Finally, the severity analysis is performed via a software, named Safeti, which provides an accurate evaluation of the consequences. To show the applicability of the framework, a pressure regulator of a Natural Gas Regulating and Metering Station is considered as case study. The proposed approach can assist asset managers in evaluating the risk arising from the operations, and, accordingly, it can guide them in making maintenance-related decisions to assure the safety of the operations.     

湖泊水体富营养化评价的随机模拟与三角模糊数耦合模型

根据湖泊水环境系统的不确定性,建立了基于随机模拟和三角模糊数的湖泊水体富营养化评价耦合模型,采用三角模糊数表征各营养因子监测值,运用随机模拟方法模拟三角模糊数,得到各变量的随机模拟序列,由综合营养状态指数法确定湖泊的营养等级概率水平。以宁夏沙湖为例,运用此耦合模型对水体的富营养化程度进行评价。结果表明:该方法将水体富营养评价中水环境状态的不确定性以确定性方法融入评价模型,直观表征了水体在各营养状态隶属度的复杂性,评价结果更加全面、合理。     

环境损害鉴定范围探彘

环境损害鉴定范围在法学、司法领域具有特定法律意义。但是,在行政管理中,环境损害鉴定被环境损害评估所等同、混淆,势必带来环境损害鉴定理论的混乱和环境损害鉴定实践的乱象。如何界定环境损害鉴定范围是环境损害鉴定理论及实践所要回答的基本问题。本文从环境损害鉴定范围界定依据入手,探讨环境损害鉴定范围议题。研究表明,环境损害鉴定范围无论在理论层面还是在实践层面均为缺失状态,环境损害鉴定范围仍未依法确定。其根本原因在于环境损害鉴定理论发育不成熟及环境损害鉴定司法实践匮乏。我国环境损害鉴定实践与环境损害鉴定范围理论界定存在巨大差距。尤其在环境损害鉴定的司法实践中,不可用环境损害评估代替环境损害鉴定。因此。界定环境损害鉴定范围是完善环境损害鉴定理论前提;规范环境损害鉴定范围能促进环境损害鉴定实践展开;界定环境损害鉴定范围可以有效地区分环境损害鉴定与评估。     

基于变维分形理论的四川省低山丘陵区滑坡孕灾环境因素敏感性分析

定量分析滑坡孕灾环境因素的敏感性有利于研究滑坡的形成机制和空间分布特征。基于变维分形理论,应用累计变换和次数和分维值两个分形指标,对研究区内滑坡与孕灾环境因素的关系进行定量分析,为构建滑坡敏感性分析评价指标体系提供分形学依据。研究表明:植被覆盖、岩土类型和坡度等因素对滑坡发育的影响程度较高,是研究区内滑坡空间分布的主要控制因素;断裂构造和河流两个因素对滑坡发育的影响程度较低,对研究区内滑坡空间分布的控制能力较弱。     

基于G1法与熵权法的社区居民安全素养评价模型

为提高居民自身的安全素养,本文首先采用文献研究的方法,基于WSR理论初步建立社区居民安全素养评价指标体系;然后通过专家访谈采用G1法确定指标主观权重,通过调研问卷采用熵权法确定指标客观权重,之后使用方差最大化方法确定主客观组合权重,进而建立起居民安全素养综合评价指标模型,并获得各指标重要性排序;最后使用所建立的评价模型对某一老旧小区进行案例应用,获得该老旧社区居民安全素养评分为0.71,居民安全素养等级为中等。结果表明,本文所建立的指标体系可用于社区居民安全素养的评价,为社区进一步提升居民安全能力提供参考。     

环境资源保存理论视角下人与机器设备合理操作性研究

人类发展到了工业时代以后,机械极大地提升了人类改变世界的步伐,机械带来便利的同时对环境影响非常巨大,这样便引起了人、环境、机械三者之间的重新定位思考,针对上述问题,提出一种环境资源保存理论视角下的人与设备情感研究.以环境资源保存理论为指导理论建立了情感计算模型,建立的情感模型能够有效的对人、机械、环境三者的关系进行情感趋向的计算,能够有效的通过环境资源保存理论进行环境数据的衡量分析.为了保证环境资源保存理论视角下的人与设备情感的研究方案的正确性,设计了实证调研,通过实证调研的数据分析能够有效的证明研究的环境资源保存理论视角下的人与设备情感关系的正确性.     

模仿神经元网络抗扰特性的电磁防护仿生研究

目的研究神经元在噪声干扰环境下信息处理的抗扰特性,为电磁防护仿生研究提供有益借鉴。方法利用Hodgkin-Huxley模型建模神经元电信号的产生,结合S空间编码理论分析神经信息的表达。在此基础之上,研究神经信息处理在噪声干扰环境下的抗扰特性。建立具有噪声耦合方式的神经元数学模型,并在不同噪声强度下,计算神经元输出电信号对输入刺激的S空间编码,讨论噪声对编码的影响。结果在S空间中,神经元将输入刺激信号编码成符号序列,符号序列间的排序关系与输入信号频率间的排序关系所对应。输入噪声能够改变符号序列的值,但并没有改变符号序列间的排序关系,从而不会影响神经元在S空间中所表达的信息。结论 S空间编码是神经元抵御输入噪声干扰的一种重要机制,值得电子系统借鉴,以提高其抗扰能力。     

基于网络数据的城市夜间旅游游客体验研究

以北京、西安、重庆、苏州、广州5个城市为样本,依据具身理论,从游客体验的角度探究了这5个城市夜间旅游的发展情况。结果表明:①游客对5个城市的情感倾向于中性和正向,说明游客对这5个城市夜间旅游的整体感知是基本满意的。②游客在这5个城市开展夜间旅游活动时,社会人文类的旅游目的地比自然禀赋类的旅游目的地更吸引游客。③集食、游、娱多功能于一体的旅游目的地对夜间旅游游客的吸引力大。④旅游体验感知包括景观体验感知、身体体验感知和环境体验感知,旅游体验感知对游客的夜间旅游地选择与价值内化具有较大影响。