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91.
This paper systematically reviews the literature on how to reduce nutrient emissions to the Baltic Sea cost-effectively and considerations for allocating these costs fairly among countries. The literature shows conclusively that the reduction targets of the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) could be achieved at considerably lower cost, if countries would cooperate to implement the least costly abatement plan. Focusing on phosphorus abatement could be prudent as the often recommended measures—wastewater treatment and wetlands—abate nitrogen too. An implication of our review is that the potential for restoring the Baltic Sea to good health is undermined by an abatement strategy that is more costly than necessary and likely to be perceived as unfair by several countries. Neither the BSAP nor the cost-effective solution meet the surveyed criteria for fairness, implying a need for side-payments.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01580-4. 相似文献
92.
Morrice JA Danz NP Regal RR Kelly JR Niemi GJ Reavie ED Hollenhorst T Axler RP Trebitz AS Cotter AM Peterson GS 《Environmental management》2008,41(3):347-357
A better understanding of relationships between human activities and water chemistry is needed to identify and manage sources
of anthropogenic stress in Great Lakes coastal wetlands. The objective of the study described in this article was to characterize
relationships between water chemistry and multiple classes of human activity (agriculture, population and development, point
source pollution, and atmospheric deposition). We also evaluated the influence of geomorphology and biogeographic factors
on stressor-water quality relationships. We collected water chemistry data from 98 coastal wetlands distributed along the
United States shoreline of the Laurentian Great Lakes and GIS-based stressor data from the associated drainage basin to examine
stressor-water quality relationships. The sampling captured broad ranges (1.5–2 orders of magnitude) in total phosphorus (TP),
total nitrogen (TN), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), total suspended solids (TSS), chlorophyll a (Chl a), and chloride; concentrations were strongly correlated with stressor metrics. Hierarchical partitioning and all-subsets
regression analyses were used to evaluate the independent influence of different stressor classes on water quality and to
identify best predictive models. Results showed that all categories of stress influenced water quality and that the relative
influence of different classes of disturbance varied among water quality parameters. Chloride exhibited the strongest relationships
with stressors followed in order by TN, Chl a, TP, TSS, and DIN. In general, coarse scale classification of wetlands by morphology (three wetland classes: riverine, protected,
open coastal) and biogeography (two ecoprovinces: Eastern Broadleaf Forest [EBF] and Laurentian Mixed Forest [LMF]) did not
improve predictive models. This study provides strong evidence of the link between water chemistry and human stress in Great
Lakes coastal wetlands and can be used to inform management efforts to improve water quality in Great Lakes coastal ecosystems. 相似文献
93.
Impacts of climate change on surface water quality in relation to drinking water production 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Besides climate change impacts on water availability and hydrological risks, the consequences on water quality is just beginning to be studied. This review aims at proposing a synthesis of the most recent existing interdisciplinary literature on the topic. After a short presentation about the role of the main factors (warming and consequences of extreme events) explaining climate change effects on water quality, the focus will be on two main points. First, the impacts on water quality of resources (rivers and lakes) modifying parameters values (physico-chemical parameters, micropollutants and biological parameters) are considered. Then, the expected impacts on drinking water production and quality of supplied water are discussed. The main conclusion which can be drawn is that a degradation trend of drinking water quality in the context of climate change leads to an increase of at risk situations related to potential health impact. 相似文献
94.
The marine environment of Mumbai and Jawaharlal Nehru ports was monitored for some environmental and biological parameters
during three different periods between 2001 and 2002. The results are compared with the records available since 1960s. With
the passage of time the environmental status underwent changes, probably due to the increase in anthropogenic activities in
the metropolis. The nutrient level especially the nitrate concentration has increased gradually over the years with a simultaneous
decrease in dissolved oxygen, indicating increase in the biological activity. Characterization of this environment based on
Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status (ASSETS) model indicates that the current status is poor and may get worsen in future
if no appropriate management policies are put into place. 相似文献
95.
Periodically hydrologic alterations driven by seasonal change and water storage capacity management strongly modify physicochemical properties and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and their interactions in dam-induced lakes. However, the extent and magnitude of these changes still remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of periodically hydrologic alterations on physicochemical variables and Chl-a in the dam-induced urban Hanfeng Lake, upstream of Three Gorges Reservoir. Shifts in Chl-a and 13 physicochemical variables were recorded monthly in the lake from January 2013 to December 2014. Chl-a was neither seasonal nor inter-annual differences while a few physical variables such as flow velocity (V) exhibited significantly seasonal variabilities, and chemical variables like total nitrogen (TN), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved silica (DSi) were markedly inter-annual differences. Higher TN:TP (40:1) and lower NO3-N:DSi (0.8:1) relative to balanced stoichiometric ratios suggested changes in composition of phytoplankton communities and potentially increased proportion of diatom in Hanfeng Lake. Chl-a was predicable by combination of dissolved oxygen (DO), TN and DSi in dry season, and by V alone in wet season. During the whole study period, Chl-a was solely negatively correlated with TN:TP, indicating decline in N concentration and increase in P could therefore increase Chl-a. Our results highlight pronounced decoupling of linkages between Chl-a and physicochemical variables affected by periodically hydrologic alterations in dam-induced aquatic systems. 相似文献
96.
97.
Satnam Singh Li-Sen Young Fo-Ting Shen Chiu-Chung Young 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(10):1877-1883
Discharging untreated highly acidic (pH < 4.0), organic and nutrients rich monosodium glutamate wastewater (MW), and highly alkaline (pH > 10.0) paper-mill wastewater (PW) causes environmental pollution. When acidity of MW neutralized (pH 6.5 ± 0.1) with PW and lime (treatments represented as MW + PW and MW + Lime), then MW may be utilized as a potential source of nutrients and organic carbon for sustainable food production. Objectives of this study were to compare the effects of PW and lime neutralized MW and chemical fertilizers on maize (Zea mays L. cv. Snow Jean) plant growth, yield, nutrients uptake, soil organic matter and humic substances. The field experiment was carried out on maize using MW at 6000 L ha?1. Impacts of the MW application on maize crop and soil properties were evaluated at different stages. At harvest, plant height, and plant N and K uptake were higher in MW treatment. Leaf area index at 60 days after sowing, plant dry matter accumulation at harvest, and kernels ear?1 and 100-kernel weight were higher in MW + Lime treatment. Kernel N, P, K, Mn, Fe and Zn, and plant Zn uptake were highest in MW + Lime. Plant Fe uptake, and soil organic matter and humic substances were highest in MW + PW. The MW + PW and MW + Lime treatments exhibited comparable results with chemically fertilized treatment. The MW acidity neutralized with lime showed positive impacts on growth, yield and nutrients uptake; nevertheless, when MW pH neutralized with PW has an additional benefit on increase in soil organic matter and humic substances. 相似文献
98.
Boesch Donald F. 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》1996,2(1):103-114
The influence of science in the recognition of the effects of landscape changes on coastal ecosystems and in the development
of effective policy for managing and restoring these ecosystems is examined through four case studies: Chesapeake Bay, San
Francisco Bay, the Mississippi Delta, and Florida Bay. These ecosystems have undergone major alterations as a result of changes
in the delivery of water, sediments and nutrients from their watersheds. Both science and management have been challenged
by the spatial, functional and temporal scale mismatches inherent in the watershed-coastal ecosystem relationship. Key factors
affecting the influence of science on management include (1) sustained scientific investigation, responsive to but not totally
defined by managers; (2) clear evidence of change, the scale of the change and the causes of the change; (3) consensus among
the scientific communities associated with various interests; (4) the development of models to guide management actions; (5)
identification of effective and feasible solutions to the problems. 相似文献
99.
Donald F. Boesch 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》1996,2(2):103-114
The influence of science in the recognition of the effects of landscape changes on coastal ecosystems and in the development
of effective policy for managing and restoring these ecosystems is examined through four case studies: Chesapeake Bay, San
Francisco Bay, the Mississippi Delta, and Florida Bay. These ecosystems have undergone major alterations as a result of changes
in the delivery of water, sediments and nutrients from their watersheds. Both science and management have been challenged
by the spatial, functional and temporal scale mismatches inherent in the watershed-coastal ecosystem relationship. Key factors
affecting the influence of science on management include (1) sustained scientific investigation, responsive to but not totally
defined by managers; (2) clear evidence of change, the scale of the change and the causes of the change; (3) consensus among
the scientific communities associated with various interests; (4) the development of models to guide management actions; (5)
identification of effective and feasible solutions to the problems. 相似文献
100.
根据2004年6月中旬鳌山湾的调查资料,分析了鳌山湾海域5项营养盐NO2-N,NO3-N,NH4-N,PO4-P,SiO3-Si的浓度分布特征。得知间隙水中NO2-N浓度分布在1.01 ̄48.86μmol·L-1,NO3-N为2.1 ̄108.16μmol·L-1,NH4-N为3.02 ̄18.28μmol·L-1,PO4-P为0.13 ̄1.42μmol·L-1,SiO3-Si为70 ̄168μmol·L-1之间,并将间隙水浓度与底层水相比较。结果表明:间隙水营养盐的浓度远远高于底层水营养盐的浓度,揭示了间隙水与上覆水体之间营养物质的交换并不是十分强烈。 相似文献