Variations of denitrification in a farming catchment area

We measured denitrification at 15 sites during 1 year in a agricultural catchment in Brittany, France. Our objective was to assess the relative importance of heterotrophic denitrification on the fate of excess nitrogen at the catchment scale, and to quantify the relative importance of riparian areas on the N₂O emissions. Using the C₂H₂ inhibition technique, denitrification rate on soil core and denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) were each determined, for samples taken from two soil layers: 0–20 and 20–40 cm. Denitrification rates, ranging from 0 to 417 mg N m⁻² d⁻¹, were significantly higher in riparian areas than for hillslopes (median of 24.87 against 10.38 mg N m⁻² d⁻¹). However, since denitrification rates are significant in the hillslope and given that hillslope surface area is much greater (79% of catchment surface), this domain could be responsible for half of the overall denitrified nitrogen (N). Also, the 20–40 cm deep soil layer was found to account for more than 46% of the denitrification. The DEA indicates the potential for denitrifying activity by the soil under non-limiting conditions, measured values ranged from 76.48 to 530.63 ng N g⁻¹ dry soil h⁻¹. The ratio N₂O/(N₂O + N₂) was about 60% with no clear spatial or temporal trends. Soil moisture appeared to be the main limiting factor for denitrification at the field scale. The results suggest that, for this catchment, denitrification is a major route for nitrogen removal, but a significant proportion of this removal occurs as N₂O.     

CH_4火焰中CO_2对NO行为影响的实验研究

针对CH4 火焰中CO2 浓度对于NO降解的影响进行了详细地分析研究。结果表明 :过量空气系数对于NO的降解有着很大的影响。和氧化性气氛相比 ,还原性气氛更有利于NO的降解。同时还原性气氛中CO2 的存在降低了NO的降解率 ,而氧化性气氛中CO2 的存在能够促进NO的降解。在还原性气氛中 ,随着CO2 浓度的升高 ,其继续减少NO降解率的作用也越来越不明显     

活性污泥二次污染问题的探讨(Ⅱ)

讨论了城市污水经过A／O工艺处理时活性污泥的二次污染问题。将原水、处理后的出水及活性污泥用甲苯萃取，萃取相经过真空浓缩后，采用GC／MS测定了样品中的有机化合物，结果表明，在A／O工艺处理城市污水过程中，活性污泥的吸附作用是主要的，降解作用是次要的；A／O工艺所排放的活性污泥仍然是一种危险的污染物。     

二步法腈纶生产废水的处理试验

本试验采用混凝 -A/O系统组合工艺处理二步法腈纶废水 ,该系统处理效果良好 ,出水水质符合排放标准 ,可直接排入水体。A/O系统试验装置总容积 80L ,水力停留时间 5 8— 70h ,缺氧池与好氧池的容积比为 1∶3 ,回流比 ( 2—3 )∶1,COD和BOD总去除率分别约为 84%和 98%。     

超声-过氧化氢-氧化铜组合技术催化氧化水中苯酚

研究了超声-H2O2-CuO组合技术对苯酚的降解效果。考察了苯酚初始浓度、溶液温度及鼓入空气对苯酚去除率的影响。实验结果表明，与未鼓入空气时相比，连续鼓气时苯酚的降解效果较好；初始浓度低，苯酚去除率高；溶液温度从20％上升到55％时，苯酚去除率随温度升高而增大，温度对该过程的影响主要表现为对催化剂的影响而不是对超声作用的影响。高效液相色谱分析表明，苯酚降解的中间产物主要为对苯二酚、邻苯二酚及其他有机小分子物质，最终产物为草酸、二氧化碳和水。     

光助Ce-Fe/Al2O3催化H2O2降解阳离子红GTL模拟废水

利用Ce-Fe/Al₂O₃为催化剂的非均相光Fenton体系降解阳离子红GTL模拟废水，考察了H₂O₂浓度、催化剂用量、初始pH值及不同工艺过程对降解效果的影响，通过紫外-可见漫反射光谱、红外光谱、XPS手段研究铁在反应中的价态变化。结果表明，在11 W低压汞灯照射下，非均相光Fenton体系能够有效地降解结构稳定的阳离子红GTL，在pH 6，反应温度20℃，时间90 min，Ce-Fe/Al₂O₃ 2 g/L，H₂O₂浓度340 mg/L，含50 mg/L阳离子红GTL模拟废水TOC去除率为92.40%；光Fenton反应中Fe(Ⅲ)转化为Fe(Ⅱ)。     

无锡太湖新城污水处理厂改良型A^2／O工艺的调试与运行

介绍了无锡市太湖新城污水处理厂的一期工程设计概况和所采用的改良型A^2/O脱氮除磷工艺，分析、探讨了污水处理厂的调试、培菌、试运行过程中出现的问题，并针对性地采用了一系列的解决措施。由监测数据表明，该工艺运行可靠，出水水质稳定，实现了污水处理厂的正常运行。     

倒置A2/O污水处理工艺的特点及应用实例

传统A²/O工艺在保证脱氮效果的同时除磷效果往往不佳。在充分分析传统A²/O工艺的基础上，提出了将缺氧池置于厌氧池前面，厌氧池后设置好氧池的分点进水倒置A²/O工艺。某污水厂的现场试验表明，在COD去除能力与常规A²/O工艺相当的情况下，倒置A²/O工艺的脱氮除磷功能明显优于常规A²/O工艺。     

Study of oil-water partitioning of a chemical dispersant using an acute bioassay with marine crustaceans

The toxicity of seawater dispersions of a chemical dispersant to two marine crustaceans was investigated in the presence and absence of various quantities of a non-toxic mineral oil. From the results and a physical-chemical partitioning analysis, a limiting value of the oil-water partition coefficient of the toxic compounds is deduced suggesting that essentially all of the toxic compounds in the dispersant will partition into solution in water following dispersant application to an oil spill. This conclusion simplifies interpretation and prediction of the toxic effects of a dispersed oil spill.The combined bioassay-partitioning procedure may have applications to the study of the toxicity of other complex mixtures such as industrial effluents.