Lessons learned from natural and industrial analogues for storage of carbon dioxide

The deployment of CCS (carbon capture and storage) at industrial scale implies the development of effective monitoring tools. Noble gases are tracers usually proposed to track CO₂. This methodology, combined with the geochemistry of carbon isotopes, has been tested on available analogues.At first, gases from natural analogues were sampled in the Colorado Plateau and in the French carbogaseous provinces, in both well-confined and leaking-sites. Second, we performed a 2-years tracing experience on an underground natural gas storage, sampling gas each month during injection and withdrawal periods.In natural analogues, the geochemical fingerprints are dependent on the containment criterion and on the geological context, giving tools to detect a leakage of deep-CO₂ toward surface. This study also provides information on the origin of CO₂, as well as residence time of fluids within the crust and clues on the physico-chemical processes occurring during the geological story.The study on the industrial analogue demonstrates the feasibility of using noble gases as tracers of CO₂. Withdrawn gases follow geochemical trends coherent with mixing processes between injected gas end-members. Physico-chemical processes revealed by the tracing occur at transient state.These two complementary studies proved the interest of geochemical monitoring to survey the CO₂ behaviour, and gave information on its use.     

Modelling of CO2 arrival time at Ketzin – Part I

The injection of CO₂ at the Ketzin storage site and the chemical detection of its arrival in the observation well allowed testing of different numerical simulation codes. ECLIPSE 100 (E100, black-oil simulator), ECLIPSE 300 (E300, compositional CO₂STORE) and MUFTE-UG were used for predictive modelling applying a constant injection rate of 1 kg s^?1 CO₂ and for a history match applying the actual variable injection rate which ranged from 0 to 0.7 kg s^?1 and averaged 0.23 kg s^?1. The geological model applied, is based on all available geophysical and geological information and has been the same for all programs.The results of the constant injection regime show a good agreement among the programs with a discrepancy of 21–33% for the CO₂ arrival times. However, it is determined from the comparison of the cumulative mass of CO₂ at the time of CO₂ arrival that the injection regime is an important factor for the accurate prediction of CO₂ migration within a saline aquifer. Comparing the actual variable injection regime with the simulations applying a constant injection rate the results are relatively inaccurate.Regarding the actual variable injection regime, which was evaluated using all three simulators, the computational results show a good agreement with the data actually measured at the first observation well. Here, the calculated arrival times exceeded the actual ones by 8.1% (E100), 9.2% (E300) and 17.7% (MUFTE-UG).It can be concluded that irrespective of the deviations of the simulations, due to combinations of different codes and slight differences in input parameters, all three programs are well equipped to give a reliable estimate of the arrival of CO₂. Deviations in the results mainly occur due to different input data and grid size choices done by the different modelling teams working independently of each other. Deviations of the simulations results compared to the actual CO₂ arrival time result from uncertainties in the implementation of the geological model, which was set up based on well log data and analogue studies.     

三氯氢硅储罐环境风险评价事故树分析

采用事件树和故障树分析方法,对三氯氢硅储罐风险事故源进行了定量和定性分析。事件树定量分析结果为：储罐一旦发生泄漏事故,三氯氢硅泄漏事故概率为6．16×10-6,火灾、爆炸事故概率为3．08×10-6,中毒事故概率为7．61×10-7。故障树定性分析结果为：三氯氢硅蒸汽与空气混合浓度达到爆炸极限事件的结构重要度最大,其次是三氯氢硅泄漏事件,再次是点火源及罐区存在冷却水事件。通过事件树一故障树分析,探讨了储罐泄漏的事故后果及火灾、爆炸事故的主要原因,并提出了相应的防范措施。     

预处理对打捆麦秸贮存和厌氧生物产沼气的影响

秸秆的长期贮存是秸秆沼气工程长期运行的重要保障,预处理是提高秸秆产气性能的常用方法.为此研究了打捆麦秸贮存与预处理一体化的可行性,分析了麦秸预处理后打捆贮存前后麦秸理化特性、物质结构以及厌氧发酵产气特性的变化.结果表明,将麦秸直接打捆后贮存120 d,对麦秸理化特性、物质结构及产气性能的影响均不明显,影响最大的是堆体上层的麦秸,产气量也仅下降了7.40%;将麦秸用NaOH处理后打捆贮存对提高麦秸干物质(total solid,TS)产气量有一定促进作用,麦秸TS产气量较未贮存麦秸和直接打捆贮存后的麦秸(CK)分别提高了7.02%～8.31%和5.68%～16.96%,对麦秸理化特性的影响不明显;麦秸经尿素处理后打捆贮存,不利于麦秸后续产沼气,麦秸TS产气量较CK下降了2.8%～7.71%;麦秸贮存过程中,将麦秸直接暴露于空气中对麦秸有机物的保存及后续产沼气利用均不利,但影响并不显著,CK和尿素处理堆体上层麦秸TS产气量分别下降了7.40%和4.25%.     

基于热网络模型的导弹贮存温度预计方法

目的提供一种预计空空导弹的外场贮存温度的方法,以确定空空导弹的环境适应性要求。方法基于热网络模型,预计不同环境条件下导弹的贮存温度与日高温极值。考虑各种环境因素对导弹热环境的综合影响,建立导弹内外各节点的能量守恒方程。将实测数据代入方程,利用最小二乘法拟合方程系数建立预计模型,将实测结果与模型的预计结果进行对比以验证模型的准确性。结果热网络模型预计的温度结果和实测结果较为吻合,95%置信度下实测数据与预计的日高温极值误差均值为0.3℃。结论该方法对舱内温度的预计结果较好,可用以确定空空导弹的环境适应性要求。     

铁屑微电解法处理蓄电池生产中含铅酸废水

介绍铁屑微电解法处理蓄电池含铅废酸水的新工艺,经运行实践表明,该工艺对处理含铅废酸水,具有工艺简单可靠,处理稳定效率高,针对性强,经济效益明显,排放水水质达国家废水排放标准。     

基于Probit-Bayes方法的储罐地震易损性研究

为了研究地震对储罐造成的影响,结合历史上储罐的震害资料,将储罐的损伤程度进行分级,通过采用Bayes方法估计Probit模型参数,再转化成储罐的损伤概率,给出了各个损伤状态下的模型参数及给定地震加速度下储罐的损伤概率,提出了1种基于Probit -Bayes方法估计储罐易损性的计算方法。结果表明:所提出的地震损伤计算方法,能够有效的评估储罐在不同地震加速度下的损伤程度,可为震后储罐的安全评估提供理论依据。     

地下水封石洞油库岩爆灾害预测评估——以某地下水封石洞油库实际工程为例

地下水封石洞油库属于大型地下工程,岩爆灾害是施工过程中可能引发的地质灾害之一。本文以某地下水封石洞油库实际为例,介绍了建设场地地质灾害危险性评估中岩爆灾害预测方法。借鉴目前国内外岩爆判别的主要方法,并依据拟建工程场地实际情况,选用岩体初始应力及岩石单轴抗压强度作为定量评估指标,对岩爆灾害进行预测评估。根据宏观分析与定量评价结合的方法最终确定岩爆灾害程度。     

我校图书馆自动化建设的实践与思考

本文简述了我校图书馆自动化建设的历史进程,分析了图书馆自动化建设的现状、达到的效果和尚存在的问题,并针对这些问题,提出了相应的改进措施。     

热电厂热储系统的构建和优化研究

热电厂热储系统的构建,对于废弃能源存储和废水再利用有重要意义。以吉林省桦甸市热电厂为例,通过对研究区水文地质条件和温度参数概化,利用FEFLOW软件构建桦甸市热电厂地下水-热耦合模型,用实际观测资料进行识别和验正,初步构建热储系统模型。设置不同井间距和抽水量来优化热储模型,研究结果表明:200 m井间距热贯通严重,500 m和1 000 m热贯通影响小;1 500 m~3/d的流量比1 200 m~3/d的流量在提热期温度下降更快,但提热总量显著增加;各方案提热总量对比显示,优化储热方案为井间距离500 m,储热期注水量8 400 m~3/d,热提取期抽水量1 500 m~3/d,冷水抽注水井在储热期和热提取期水量均为1 200 m~3/d,提热总量为2.27×10~(11)J/d。