不同红外光度法对水中石油类分析的研究

本文用两种不同的红外光度法(分散红外分光光度法和非分散红外光度法)分别测定了水中油，对两种不同的红外光度法在分析测试过程中的各种情况进行了分析研究。分析研究结果表明，分散红外分光光度法对不同组成的样品有更好的适应性。     

油田开发过程中事故环境风险评价

油田开发建设过程中往往会存在某些事故隐患。通过对这些事故发生的原因、几率及后果的分析 ,认为地下管道泄漏是油田生产中比较严重的事故 ,一旦发生 ,便会给生产和生活带来重大的影响。为此 ,采用地下水中污染物运移模型对泄漏油类污染物迁移行为进行了预测 ,并提出了一些可行的事故预防措施     

真空滤油机的噪声及防治

采用真空滤油机处理及再生润滑油，不仅可以节省资源，保护环境，还可以降低企业的生产成本。虽然真空滤油机有上述优点，但是现有的真空滤油机工作时噪声大。笔者分析了真空滤油机噪声大的原因，设计了全真空系统滤油机。采用全真空系统滤油机处理及再生润滑油具有噪声低及效率高等优点。     

Environmental impact of the Gulf War: An integrated preliminary assessment

This article provides an objective integrated environmental impact assessment of the Gulf War consequences. The environmental damage was evaluated and found to be significantly exaggerated by the media and speculators. The total amount of burned crude oil was calculated to be 52.5 million metric tons. Most air pollution field measurements were comparable to those found in Western cities. The health impact associated with such exposure was found to be minimal. The total amount of oil released into the marine environment ranged between 2 and 4 million barrels, much less than the early estimation of 12–14 million barrels. The marine environment is expected to recover much faster than earlier anticipations. Unlike water and air, soil pollution is likely to persist for some years to come.     

油罐扬沸火灾及其安全防治对策

本文应用模拟实验研究方法,考察了扬沸过程的基本物理性状及其特点,在研究了扬沸形成规律的基础上,提出了两个新的安全防治对策:利用扬沸前兆噪声诊断、预报扬沸发生及应用循环冷却原理阻止扬沸形成。     

陆地石油污染生物降解技术的进展

生物治理石油环境污染具有处理费用低、效果好、无二次污染等优点，近年来得到广泛重视和发展应用，并已在治理土壤、岩石及地下水石油污染等方面取得了较好的效果。在此对就地或集中治理过程的近期发展进行了综述，讨论了强化治理过程的途径与展望以及在我国实验室和现场开发的前景。     

油田生命线工程系统抗灾防灾时域变化可靠度控制研究

本文从工程可靠度理论出发，探讨了油田生命线工程系统随着时域的变化控制抗灾防灾能力的问题。提出了界线控制，保证油田生命线工程系统抗灾防灾能力的方法。指出了油田生命线工程系统抗灾防灾进行可靠度研究的必要性及意义。阐述了计算机仿真应用于油田生命线工程系统抗灾防灾研究的可行性和方法。     

Response of Georges Bank cod to periodic and nonperiodic oil spill events

In the management of conflicting dual-resource systems such as continental shelf hydrocarbon extraction and commercial fishing operations, it is necessary to consider the possibility of repeated impact events. The potential magnitude of impacts on Georges Bank fisheries of single oil spill events has been addressed in detail elsewhere (Reed and Spaulding 1979, Reed and others 1980, Spaulding and others 1982). An oil spill-fishery impact estimation model, implemented for the Georges Bank cod fishery (Reed and others 1980), has been used to investigate the potential for nonlinear biological responses to periodic and nonperiodic repetitive spill events. Prerecruit mortality equations incorporating young-of-the-year as well as adult-juvenile interactions, perform acceptably vis-à-vis the historical catch record, but show highly variable behavior under recruitment reductions induced by periodic simulated spills. The results demonstrate the importance of selecting mathematical representations of biological and physical processes underlying population dynamics such that characteristic system behavior is adequately represented in both the time and frequency domains.     

Magnetic particle technology in environmental remediation and wildlife rehabilitation

The use of magnetic particles in environmental remediation and wildlife rehabilitation is currently under investigation at Victoria University, in collaboration with the Phillip Island Research Centre, Victoria, Australia. Iron powder has been shown to be very effective for the magnetic cleansing of feathers and plumage and is almost ideal for this purpose, being non-toxic, a non-irritant and recyclable. Detailed investigations have demonstrated that by varying particle size, particle structure and surface texture, the efficacy of oil removal from feathers and plumage can be successfully manipulated. In this regard, it is possible to identify a grade of iron powder whereby, within experimental error, effectively 100% removal of a variety of fresh contaminants from different matrices, including feathers, can be achieved. Our investigations have been extended to the application of such particles to the successful removal of tarry and weathered/tarry contamination. The results of these investigations have indicated that, for such contaminants, removals ranging from 97–99% may be achieved. Magnetic particle technology may also be adapted for the screening of pre-conditioning agents that can further assist in the removal of tarry and weathered/tarry contamination from feathers. These investigations suggest that magnetic particles could have an important role to play in environmental remediation and wildlife rehabilitation as a clean and effective technology.     

湖库水体对石油类物质的自净能力评价初探

为了合理的预测湖库水体对油田特征污染物的自净能力,建立了突发事件溢油在水面上影响及对水质影响的模型,采用实测与预测相结合的方式对模型的参数进行了确定,同时根据建立的模型选择两个泡沼进行了验证。说明预测结果与实测值有较好的相关性,用湖泡推流衰减模型对湖泡的预测是可行的。