用水力旋流器净化油田采出水

水力旋流器是近１０年来用于油田采出水处理系统的新型设备，它具有体积小、重量轻、分离性能好、运行安全可靠等优点，在世界各地的海上和陆地油田得到了广泛的使用。本文对具有代表性的Ｖｏｒｔｏｉｌ水力旋流器的基本结构、工作原理、影响分离性能的诸因素、应用和优点等进行了介绍。     

An Assessment of Oil Pollution in the Coastal Zone of Patagonia,Argentina

The Patagonian coast is considered a relatively pristine environment. However, studies conducted along coastal Patagonia have showed hydrocarbon pollution mostly concentrated at ports that have fishing, oil loading, general merchant, and/or tourist activities. A high value of total aliphatic hydrocarbons (TAH) was found at the Rawson fishing port (741 μg/g dw). In other ports with and without petroleum-related activities, hydrocarbon values were approximately 100 μg/g dw. The highest values for TAH and total aromatic hydrocarbons (TArH) were found in Faro Aristizábal, north of San Jorge gulf (1304 and 737 μg/g dw, respectively). This is very likely the result of petroleum-related activities at the Comodoro Rivadavia, Caleta Cordova, and Caleta Olivia ports located within this gulf. In other coastal areas away from potential anthropogenic sources, hydrocarbon values were less than 2 and 3 μg/g dw for TAH and TArH, respectively. This review of published and unpublished information suggests that ports are important oil pollution sources in the Patagonian coast. More detailed studies are needed to evaluate the area affected by port activities, to understand the mechanisms of hydrocarbon distribution in surrounding environments, and to assess bioaccumulation in marine organisms. Despite that some regulations exist to control oil pollution derived from port and docked vessel activities, new and stricter management guidelines should be implemented.     

顶空气质联用法测定水中四乙基铅、松节油和丙烯腈

利用顶空气相色谱-质谱(HS/GC-MS)联用法对水中的四乙基铅、松节油和丙烯腈进行了检测分析,优化了实验参数。该方法线性关系良好,相关系数为0.997 0~0.999 9, 检出限为0.1~1.2 μg/L;方法用于饮用水、生活污水和工业废水中四乙基铅、松节油和丙烯腈的测定,并进行加标回收率实验,加标回收率为94.5%~104.4%;相对标准偏差为4.4%~9.5%。结果表明,方法能用于饮用水和废水中四乙基铅、松节油和丙烯腈的测定,效果满意。     

Acute toxicity of aromatic and non-aromatic fractions of naphthenic acids extracted from oil sands process-affected water to larval zebrafish

The toxicity of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) has regularly been attributed to naphthenic acids, which exist in complex mixtures. If on remediation treatment (e.g., ozonation) or on entering the environment, the mixtures of these acids all behave in the same way, then they can be studied as a whole. If, however, some acids are resistant to change, whilst others are not, or are less resistant, it is important to establish which sub-classes of acids are the most toxic.     

The evolution of flame length for the oil tank fire with different top cover widths and lip heights

This study presents a quantitative analysis and interpretation of the variation in oil tank fire flame lengths for different oil tank sizes, top cover widths, and horizontal air flow velocities. The experimental results show that, at first, the flame length rises slowly with an increase in air flow speed. Then, once over a critical speed (0.6 m/s), the flame length decreases significantly with a further increase in air flow speed. Based on the characteristic length, a new dimensionless heat release rate is obtained, allowing the correlation between flame length, air flow speed, and dimensionless heat release rate to be calculated, which can be used to predict the flame length of an oil tank fire under different air flow speeds, lip heights, and cover widths.     

The significance of futures trading in minerals and oil

Futures trading has been introduced for aluminium and oil in recent years and the range of contracts available on various minerals and oil products continues to widen. Concern has been expressed by producers of a number of minerals, including nickel and platinum, that the introduction of futures trading may introduce a speculative element to price determination that will create inappropriate or excessively volatile prices. It is the purpose of this article to analyse the role of futures trading in relation to trade in underlying commodities in general and especially for trade in minerals and oil. Evidence from oil and platinum markets, in particular, is adduced and examined in the light of earlier evidence of the influence of futures trading on underlying commodities. The contribution of futures trading is examined in detail and conclusions are reached on the significance of futures trading for minerals and oil.     

油品火灾扬沸前兆现象的实验研究

本文研究典型油品扬沸前兆期的火行为。应用火焰显示技术观察扬沸前兆期的火焰结构；测量扬沸过程中油、水层的温度——时间历程；在时域、频域上分析扬沸前兆的微爆噪声特性；并在原理上提出诊断，预报油品火灾扬沸发生的新途径。     

海面溢油处理技术的分析与选择

海上溢油会对生态环境造成破坏。根据溢油扩展的动力学过程，对溢油处理方法进行分析，选择适合的处理方法并对不同类型溢油分散剂的性能进行分析，提出应用建议。     

我国石油炼制企业清洁生产措施分析

石油炼制工业是我国重要的能源和化工原料生产产业。随着生产负荷的提高，加工深度增加，原料变重变差，石油炼制工业的环境保护压力越来越大。针对石油炼制工业的生产特点，分析其污染源、污染治理现状以及目前存在的一些问题，提出了我国石油炼制企业的清洁生产措施。     

清洁生产与炼油污水回用

该文分析了福建炼化公司炼油污水现状，提出炼油污水回用的可能方式，并进行了初步探讨。