突发水污染事故风险预测中数学模型的研究

为了预防和控制潜在的水环境风险,准确预测水体中污染物的迁移和扩散情况,采用溢油扩延计算模式、油膜漂移分析计算方法和可溶性危险化学品一维瞬时扩散模型预测突发性污染事故对水体造成的影响。并以江南某航道为例,模拟船舶在船闸碰撞后发生溢油扩散、可溶性危险化学品扩散,进而提出一些风险防范的建议。该预测模型预测水体中污染物的实时浓度,分析污染水团的轨迹变化,有广泛的应用价值。     

建立汕头港溢油应急反应体系的设想

根据汕头港水域状况及溢油事故概况，阐述了建立汕头港溢油应急反应体系的必要性，并提出了建立这一体系的设想。     

加拿大的船舶油污损害赔偿机制及运行经验

加拿大是世界上最早通过立法建立船舶溢油赔偿机制的国家。现在加拿大采用国际机制和国内机制相结合的办法较好地解决了油轮和非油轮的油污损害赔偿问题，本言语概括总结了该机制的特点和经验。     

赤红壤、砖红壤矿物油污染效应研究

本研究采用盆栽试验法,研究了赤红壤、砖红壤中矿物油对水稻、花生的生理生态影响和矿物油在土壤中的净化。研究结果表明:矿物油对第一季水稻生长发育影响不大,对第二季则表现出明显的抑制作用,低浓度矿物油对花生生长发育有促进作用,高浓度则对其起抑制作用;收获后,水稻各部分及水稻土,花生根及花生土油残留均与投油量呈极显著的直线正相关关系,油在作物根部最易积累;种植两季水稻后,油在赤红壤、砖红壤中的净化率分别为80％以上和50％左右。最后,根据上述研究确定了赤红壤、砖红壤的矿物油临界含量分别为270.90mg/kg和318.92mg/kg。      

植物油烟雾的采样和监测方法研究

本文介绍了一种新型玻璃纤维滤筒采集油烟的装置 ,用该装置对植物油烟进行了采样和监测 ,该方法适用于油脂工业色拉油和餐饮业植物油烟雾的监测。     

Effects of oil sands process-affected waters and naphthenic acids on yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and Japanese medaka (Orizias latipes) embryonic development

Syncrude Canada Ltd. is currently developing environmentally acceptable oil sands process-affected water management methods as part of their land reclamation strategy. Surface waters of the “wet landscape” reclamation option characteristically have elevated concentrations of sodium sulphate and naphthenic acids (NAs), with low levels of PAHs. The following experiment compared early-life stage responses of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) to those of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) when exposed to Mildred Lake settling basin (MLSB) surface water and a commercial sodium naphthenate (Na-NA) standard. Perch eggs were fertilized and incubated in: 100%, 50%, 20%, 4%, 0.8%, and 0.16% dilutions of MLSB water, as well as 20, 10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/l solutions of the commercial standard. Medaka embryos were exposed to the same treatments, post-fertilization. Both species demonstrated an increase in the incidence of deformity, and a decrease in length at hatch as NA concentrations increased. MLSB surface water contained higher levels of NAs than the commercial standard, however, showed consistently higher NA threshold effect concentrations for both species. Significant differences between the MLSB water and the Na-NA standard suggest that they contain NA congeners with different toxicity, or other compounds such as PAHs. Species differences in thresholds could be explained by the difference in developmental stage in which the exposures were initiated.     

沥青路面环境问题浅谈

简要分析公路沥青路面在建设期、使用期和服务期满后存在的主要环境问题,并论述各种环境问题产生的原因、危害及其简单的处理方法和措施.     

污水污泥制油技术研究进展

目前污水污泥传统处理方法存在一定的不足和弊端,污泥制油技术不断得到了研究者的关注。对污泥制油技术的发展进行综述,特别就工艺操作条件、催化剂的使用等方面介绍了污泥低温热解技术,并对污泥制油技术提出几点展望。     

固定化菌剂处理含油废水的试验研究

探讨了固定化菌剂的接种量、曝气强度及温度等因素对废水中CODer去除率的影响.试验结果表明:在采用适当的曝气方式和曝气强度下,温度为30℃时,采用10％的固定化颗粒接种量,4种固定化产品对含油废水中CODer降解均有较好的效果.     

Are two resources really better than one? Some unexpected results of the availability of substitutes

The possibility of exploiting multiple resources is usually regarded as positive from both the economic and the environmental point of view. However, resource switching may also lead to unsustainable growth and, ultimately, to an equilibrium condition which is worse than the one that could have been achieved with a single resource. We developed a dynamic model where users exploit multiple resources and have different levels of preference among them. In this setting, exploiting multiple resources leads to worse outcomes in both economic and ecological terms than the single resource case under a wide range of parameter configurations. Our arguments are illustrated using two empirical situations, namely oil drilling in the North Sea and whale hunting in the Antarctic.