Magnetic particle technology in environmental remediation and wildlife rehabilitation

The use of magnetic particles in environmental remediation and wildlife rehabilitation is currently under investigation at Victoria University, in collaboration with the Phillip Island Research Centre, Victoria, Australia. Iron powder has been shown to be very effective for the magnetic cleansing of feathers and plumage and is almost ideal for this purpose, being non-toxic, a non-irritant and recyclable. Detailed investigations have demonstrated that by varying particle size, particle structure and surface texture, the efficacy of oil removal from feathers and plumage can be successfully manipulated. In this regard, it is possible to identify a grade of iron powder whereby, within experimental error, effectively 100% removal of a variety of fresh contaminants from different matrices, including feathers, can be achieved. Our investigations have been extended to the application of such particles to the successful removal of tarry and weathered/tarry contamination. The results of these investigations have indicated that, for such contaminants, removals ranging from 97–99% may be achieved. Magnetic particle technology may also be adapted for the screening of pre-conditioning agents that can further assist in the removal of tarry and weathered/tarry contamination from feathers. These investigations suggest that magnetic particles could have an important role to play in environmental remediation and wildlife rehabilitation as a clean and effective technology.     

湖库水体对石油类物质的自净能力评价初探

为了合理的预测湖库水体对油田特征污染物的自净能力,建立了突发事件溢油在水面上影响及对水质影响的模型,采用实测与预测相结合的方式对模型的参数进行了确定,同时根据建立的模型选择两个泡沼进行了验证。说明预测结果与实测值有较好的相关性,用湖泡推流衰减模型对湖泡的预测是可行的。     

Development of HGAPSO-SVR corrosion prediction approach for offshore oil and gas pipelines

Managing the oil and gas pipelines against corrosion is one of the major challenges of the oil and gas sector because of the complexities associated with the initiation, stabilization, and growth of the corrosion defects. The present research attempts to develop a model for predicting the maximum depth of pitting corrosion in oil and gas pipelines using SVM algorithm. In order to improve the SVM performance, Hybrid PSO and GA was utilized. Monte Carlo simulation was used to determine the time lapse for the pit depth growth. In order to implement the above modeling approaches and to prove their efficiency and accuracy against a large database, a total of 340 data samples for corrosion depth and rate are retrieved from the Iranian Oilfields. The performance of the new algorithm shows that it has higher stability and accuracy. In addition, the forecasting results of the new algorithm are compared with the 11 intelligent optimization algorithms, it shows that the novel hybrid algorithm has higher accuracy, better generalization ability, and stronger robustness. The coefficient of determination (R²) value in the testing phase for SVM-HGAPSO was estimated by 0.99. Proposed hybrid model and Monte-Carlo simulations pitting corrosion based on Poisson square wave process have been used to predict the time evolution of the mean value of the pit depth distribution for different categories of maximum pitting rates (low, moderate, high and sever). The models was validated with 4 field data for each of the pitting corrosion categories and the results agreed well. The pipelines under severe pitting corrosion rate were, more conservatively predicted by HGAPSO-SVR than those under low, moderate and high pitting corrosion rates. The results obtained demonstrate the potentials of this technique for the integrity management of corroded aged pipelines.     

中缅油气管道环境监理过程中环保变更和环境敏感点管控措施

简要介绍中缅油气管道工程概况及环境敏感点基本情况,结合碧海环境监理现场具体实践,对长输管道现场环境监理过程中环保变更和环境敏感点管控方法进行了探讨.     

Sustainable Exploitation of Borassus aethiopum, Elaeis guineensis and Raphia hookeri for the Extraction of Palm Wine in Côte d'Ivoire

In the rural areas of developing countries palms are major sources of many products. One of these is palm wine, which has an important role for nutrition, income and social life. In the Côte d'Ivoire (West Africa), palm wine is extracted from three different species: Borassus aethiopum Mart., Raphia hookeri Mann & Wendland and Elaeis guineensis Jacq. As the extraction methods are destructive, palm stands are locally threatened by extinction. This could have serious consequences not only for the nutritional situation of the population but also for their income. Field visits were conducted in order to assess the degree of sustainability of palm wine extraction in eight villages of Côte d'Ivoire's three major agro-ecozones. Based on the annual palm wine need for consumption and commercialisation and on the availability of palms, a sustainability index was calculated for each palm species in each village. The occurrence of palm trees depends on the vegetation type. B. aethiopum is a typical savanna tree (> 20 palms per hectare) and is almost absent in other vegetation types. In 75% of the villages the exploitation of B. aethiopum is not sustainable. The preferred vegetation type for R. hookeri is the forest along the rivers (> 33 palms per hectare) compared to the other vegetation types of the forest zone (< 5 palms per hectare). Due to the high preference for the palm wine of this species its exploitation is not sustainable in any of the selected villages. The distribution of E. guineensis depends mostly on human activities, the main vegetation types being plantations (34 palms per hectare), fallow land and cultivated fields (15 palms per hectare) and the forest along the rivers (31 palms per hectare). The exploitation of this species is in general sustainable throughout all ecozones with some rare exceptions.     

Profitable Solutions to Climate,Oil, and Proliferation

Protecting the climate is not costly but profitable (even if avoided climate change is worth zero), mainly because saving fuel costs less than buying fuel. The two biggest opportunities, both sufficiently fast, are oil and electricity. The US, for example, can eliminate its oil use by the 2040s at an average cost of 15 per barrel (200015 per barrel (2000), half by redoubled efficiency and half by alternative supplies, and can save three-fourths of its electricity more cheaply than operating a thermal power station. Integrative design permits this by making big energy savings cheaper than small ones, turning traditionally assumed diminishing returns into empirically observed expanding returns. Such efficiency choices accelerate climate-safe, inexhaustible, and resilient energy supply—notably the “micropower” now delivering about a sixth of the world’s electricity and 90% of its new electricity. These cheap, fast, market-financeable, globally applicable options offer the most effective, yet most underestimated and overlooked, solutions for climate, proliferation, and poverty.     

鄯善采油厂油田回注水水质劣化原因及对策

鄯善采油厂4 000 m3/d污水处理站于2000年11月投运,采用"水力旋流 聚结斜管除油 两级精细过滤"的处理方式.注水水质变化表现为来水经净化处理后水质有较大改善,但从清水罐到注入井段水质又存在变坏的问题,为此提出鄯善采油厂回注水水质稳定技术研究.通过对处理系统和注水系统全程的水质各个指标的监测,保证注水水质的稳定.分析了造成水质不稳定的因素,对水质劣化的机理进行了阐述,并提出相应的水质稳定措施.     

真空滤油机的噪声及防治

采用真空滤油机处理及再生润滑油，不仅可以节省资源，保护环境，还可以降低企业的生产成本。虽然真空滤油机有上述优点，但是现有的真空滤油机工作时噪声大。笔者分析了真空滤油机噪声大的原因，设计了全真空系统滤油机。采用全真空系统滤油机处理及再生润滑油具有噪声低及效率高等优点。     

油气火灾爆炸事故评价及防范措施

油气火灾爆炸事故对人类自身和企业所造成的危害日益受到人们的重视 ,因此 ,有必要加强对含有油气的环境进行危险评价和科学管理。笔者应用可能性分布的事故树分析法 ,对引发油气火灾爆炸事故的可能因素进行了定量分析 ,然后对油气火灾爆炸事故进行了评价 ,通过评价对存在的问题提出了相应的防范措施。     

原油储罐的腐蚀机理研究及防护技术现状

原油储罐在运行过程中,经常遭受内、外环境介质的腐蚀。内腐蚀主要为内部储存介质、罐底积水及罐内空间部分的凝结水汽的腐蚀作用,其中罐底的内腐蚀尤为严重,主要是由滞留在罐底的沉积水所引起;外部腐蚀主要是大气腐蚀、土壤腐蚀、杂散电流腐蚀等。笔者概要介绍了原油储罐的腐蚀状况,重点讨论了储罐不同部位的腐蚀机理。在此基础上,总结并提出了一些行之有效的防腐措施,如抗静电涂料防腐、涂料与阳极保护相结合的保护技术、热喷铝技术以及添加缓蚀剂等