Recovery Trajectories After In Situ Burning of an Oiled Wetland in Coastal Louisiana,USA

The high degree of physical disturbance associated with conventional response options to oil spills in wetlands is driving the investigation of alternative cleanup methodologies. In March 1995, a spill of gas condensate in a brackish marsh at Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge in southwestern Louisiana was remediated through the use of in situ burning. An assessment of vegetation recovery was initiated in three treatment marshes: (1) oil-impacted and burned, (2) oil impacted and unburned, and (3) a nonoiled unburned reference. We compared percent cover, stem density, and biomass in the treatment marshes to define ecological recovery of the marsh vegetation and soil hydrocarbon content to determine the efficacy of in situ burning as a cleanup technique. Burning led to a rapid decrease in soil hydrocarbon concentrations in the impacted-and-burned marsh to background levels by the end of the first growing season. Although a management fire accidentally burned the oil-impacted-and-unburned and reference marshes in December 1995, stem density, live biomass, and total percent cover values in the oil-impacted-and-burned marsh were equivalent to those in the other treatment marshes after three years. In addition, plant community composition within the oil-impacted-and-burned marsh was similar to the codominant mix of the grasses Distichlis spicata (salt grass) and Spartina patens (wire grass) characteristic of the surrounding marsh after the same time period. Rapid recovery of the oil-impacted-and-unburned marsh was likely due to lower initial hydrocarbon exposure. Water levels inundating the soil surface of this grass-dominated marsh and the timing of the in situ burn early in the growing season were important factors contributing to the rapid recovery of this wetland. The results of this in situ burn evaluation support the conclusion that burning, under the proper conditions, can be relied upon as an effective cleanup response to hydrocarbon spills in herbaceous wetlands.     

新型油水分离器在油田污水处理中的应用实验

叙述了一种新型油水分离器－－奥地利费雷公司的波纹板式重力加速聚集型油水分离器的工作原理，及其在国内几个油田的中试试验情况，试验结果表明，该油水分离器处理效果相当明显，除油率平均达94.59%，具有相当的经济、社会和环境效益。     

灰色拓扑分析方法在海上溢油趋势预测上的应用

依据１９７３～１９９６ 年间中国海域船舶溢油的历史数据，利用灰色系统理论的灰色拓扑分析方法，以１０ 个不同的溢油总量作为分析采用的阈值，建立相应的ＧＭ（１，１）分析模型，对未来的溢油趋势进行预测分析。分析的结果显示未来年份的溢油量较１９９６ 年以前的溢油量要高，表明未来的溢油趋势仍不可乐观。必须加强以大溢油量（单次溢油量＞５０ ０００ ｋｇ） 溢油事件的防止工作。     

大连港3号排污口对海水的油污染及其扩散分析

本文通过１年的监测数据，初步分析季大连港３号排污口对附近海水的油污染状况，海水的油浓度与油类排放量的关系，以及油污染物迁移扩散的规律。     

聚硅氯化铝混凝剂除油效果的试验

制备不同碱化度和不同Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比的系列聚硅氯化铝作为混凝剂，实验考察了Ｂ，Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比及ＰＨ值对除油效果的影响，并考察了ＰＡＳＣ去除ＣＯＤ的效果。结果表明，Ｂ对ＰＡＳＣ混凝除油效果影响较大，随Ｂ值增大，除油效果提高；Ａｌ／Ｓｉ摩尔比对ＰＡＳＣ混凝除油效果影响较小；     

Enzymatic preparation of hydrophobic biomass with one-pot synthesis and the oil removal performance

Oil pollution is causing deleterious damage to aquatic ecosystems and human health. The utilization of agricultural waste such as corn stalk (CS) to produce biosorbents has been considered an ecofriendly and efficient approach for removing oil. However, most previous studies focused on the modification of the whole CS, which is inefficient due to the heterogeneity of CS. In this study, corn stalk pith (CP), which has excellent amphipathic characteristics, was selected to prepare a high-efficienc...     

微生物降解油田含油污泥中烃类污染物的研究

微生物法治理油污土壤具有成本低、效果好的特点。其原理是微生物利用油烃作为碳源合成自身物质．进行生长繁殖，从而使油烃含量减少。在好氧和厌氧条件下，从油污土壤中分离纯化出4株能降解石油烃类的微生物CH1、CH2、CH3和CH4。经鉴定菌株CH3为假单胞菌属，通过生理特性实验，确定了其生长的最适pH值为7.5，油泥中石油烃类的降解率达85％。按照文中微生物处理舍油污泥的现场施工方案，可使处理后舍油污泥中烃类含量〈1500mg／kg（符合国标GB4284—1984要求）。     

炼油废水高效处理的工艺流程和操作方法

本文论述了采用组合式隔油与两级混凝气浮串联工艺处理某炼油厂的含油废水的运行情况。由于各个处理单元及整套工艺的设计合理、操作方法正确 ,该套废水处理系统出水中的油类浓度降至 5～ 8m g/ L,COD浓度降至 45～ 5 5 mg/ L ,SS降至 3 1～ 5 1mg/ L,去除率分别超过 98%、92 %与 83 %。工程实施两年多来 ,运行稳定 ,能回收油类 ,具有良好的经济效益。     

工业无烟油泥型煤研究

通过采用蒸汽处理的方法，将原油与泥土分开加以充分利用或排放，从根本上解决油泥污染农田问题     

油品储运中的环境保护

油品储运中的环境保护是设计工作中应重视的问题，本文从油气储运过程中的污染源、所产生的危害以及设计中应采取的环保对策等三个方面进行阐述。