海口市海岸线入海排放口污染源调查与分析

沿海工农业的发展和海洋开发事业的兴起,给海洋造成了污染。而陆域排污是海洋近海污染的重要原因。为了在实现海洋产业经济可持续发展,对海口市海岸线入海口水质进行调查。本实验采用定点采样的方法,根据排污口的口径大小、年排污水的总量、以及对周边海域的污染程度采集水样。结果表明,海岸线入海口排污废水中的COD、总氮、磷酸盐、氨氮等...     

Age group differences in collision risk

Introduction

The purpose of the current study was to examine differences in factors associated with self-reported collision involvement of three age groups of drivers based on a large representative sample of Ontario adults. Method: This study was based on data from the CAMH Monitor, an ongoing cross-sectional telephone survey of Ontario adults 18 years and older from 2002 to 2005. Three age groups were examined: 18-34 (n = 1,294), 35-54 (n = 2,428), and 55+ (n = 1,576). For each age group sample, a logistic regression analysis was conducted of self-reported collision involvement in the last 12 months by risk factor measures of driving exposure (kilometers driven in a typical week, driving is stressful, and driving on busy roads), consuming five or more drinks of alcohol on one occasion (past 12 months), cannabis use (lifetime, and past 12 months), and driving after drinking among drinkers (past 12 months), controlling for demographics (gender, region, income, and marital status). Results: The study identified differences in factors associated with self-reported collision involvement of the three age groups of adult drivers. The logistic regression model for the youngest group revealed that drivers who reported that driving was stressful at least some of the time, drank five or more drinks on an occasion, and drove after drinking had an increased risk of collision involvement. For the middle age group, those who reported using cannabis in the last 12 months had significantly increased odds of reporting collision involvement. None of the risk factor measures showed significant associations with collision risk for older drivers (aged 55+). Impact: The results suggest potential areas for intervention and new directions for future research.     

新疆艾比湖周边居民湿地生态系统健康保护意识调查分析

采用问卷调查的方法,试图真实反映艾比湖周边居民对艾比湖湿地生态系统退化的认知及对艾比湖湿地生态系统健康保护意识的强弱.结果表明：（1）艾比湖周边居民对湿地生态系统退化带来的危害有较为清晰地认识,99％被调查者意识到了艾比湖湿地生态系统退化对周边环境会带来不同程度的危害,78.2％调查对象认为艾比湖湿地生态系统的退化主要是由人类活动引发的,通过正规渠道获取艾比湖湿地生态系统退化信息不够通畅;（2）调查对象对艾比湖湿地生态系统退化情况持有较高的关注度,但支持度不高,85.6％的被调查者对退化湿地的生态恢复有支付意愿;（3）65.5％调查对象对艾比湖湿地生态恢复有信心,但对当地政府宣传和保护艾比湖湿地的力度满意度不高,因此政府部门还需进一步加强对艾比湖的宣传和保护力度.     

Hydrochemistry of drinking water sources and water purifiers in relation to epidemiological study in Hisar,North-West India

The concern related to the drinking of reverse osmosis (RO) water containing low levels of minerals is growing day by day. This study involves the analysis of water samples from various drinking water sources in a rural site, Mirchpur village, an Indus Valley civilization site (grid location: 29° 18′ 42.3″ N, 76° 10′ 33.0″ E) of Hisar, India, along with the health survey of human subjects. The hydrochemistry of water collected from hand pumps, river canals, tube wells, submersibles, and the RO systems installed in various homes was explored for pH, EC, TH, TDS, turbidity, cations (Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺), anions (CO₃²⁻, HCO₃⁻, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, F⁻), and elements (Fe, Pb, Se) employing the ion chromatography, flame photometry, and ICP-AES techniques. Lead (Pb) and Selenium (Se) were detected in trace amounts (0.30–2.6 μg L⁻¹; 0.10–4.1 μg L⁻¹, respectively) in all the samples, including the samples collected from RO purifiers, but Iron (Fe) was not detected in RO samples even in trace amounts. The F-levels in hand pump water (HPW) and submersible water (SW) (1.9  and 1.7 mg L⁻¹, respectively) and TDS levels in SW (3048 mg L⁻¹) were found to be above WHO and BIS safe limits. TDS levels in the river canal (900 mg L⁻¹), tube well (1104 mg L⁻¹), hand pump (1170 mg L⁻¹), and submersible samples (3048 mg L⁻¹) were found significantly higher as compared to the RO personal water (ROPW; 216 mg L⁻¹) and RO supply water (ROSW; 90 mg L⁻¹). The collected epidemiological data reveals that 21%, 19%, 13%, and 12% of natives reported skin, kidney, hair fall, liver, and stomach issues, respectively, suspecting the crucial role of high TDS and fluoride levels in the area. This study also provides a comparison between the quality of RO and the direct supply water, along with correlation matrices for different parameters, which gives a rationale for the limitations of drinking direct supply water without any purification and RO water containing low mineral content.     

我国环境污染导致健康损害的赔偿保障体系思考

本文就我国现有法律法规体系、技术现状及组织体系进行剖析。结果表明,我国环境污染导致健康损害赔偿的法律支撑体系严重不足,亟需出台适合我国国情的《环境损害赔偿法》,从法律层面对整个健康损害的赔偿保障体系进行明确指导。针对现有健康损害赔偿的技术支撑体系严重缺乏、认定机构的人员队伍建设薄弱等现状,本文提出应加大相关组织队伍建设,以提高环境损害的技术支撑能力。此外,还需要建立一个更高级别的专业的环境健康污染损害、赔偿与协调机构。该机构应是由国家多部门(环境保护部、保监会、财政部、卫生部、司法部等)共同认可的第三方仲裁机构,且具备独立的性质,负责污染导致的损失评估、责任认定、事故处理、资金赔付等各项仲裁工作。     

小城镇固体废弃物处理调查研究

我国小城镇固体废弃物污染问题日趋严重,从小城镇实际情况出发,提出切实可行的固体废弃物处理办法和技术是当务之急.本文采用典型调查的方式,对我国7个典型小城镇进行实地调查,总结出了我国小城镇固体废弃物的特点,固体废弃物处理现状以及固体废弃物处理方面的规划,指出了我国小城镇在固体废弃物处理方面存在的问题,并就如何改善小城镇固体废弃物处理提出了建议.调查结果为小城镇固体废弃物的处理办法和技术研究提供了依据.     

嘉兴市电子废弃物回收体系公众调查与完善建议

嘉兴市地处长三角中心地带,是浙江电子废弃物的重要集散地之一。通过公众调查发现,嘉兴市电子废弃物产生量比较大,而现有电子废弃物回收体系主要是民间个体回收,公众对这种回收渠道的危害后果认知不足,从而造成正规回收渠道的回收困局。因此,应该借鉴浙江永康再生资源回收体系建设的经验,对个体户回收进行改造,并加强公众环保教育,建立合理责任承担机制,从而建设一套高效、环保和健康的电子废弃物回收体系。     

基于入户调查的贵阳市生活燃煤排放清单

为准确掌握贵阳市生活燃煤大气污染物的排放状况,为南方山地城市大气污染防治工作提供科学依据,本研究于2017年对贵阳市生活燃煤情况开展了入户调查.据统计分析,2016—2018年贵阳市常住人口和生活煤炭消费量变化小.同时,采用排放系数法结合GIS技术,建立了贵阳市2016年1 km×1 km生活燃煤大气污染物排放清单.结果表明：①全市生活燃煤量约为55.9×10⁴ t,单位面积燃煤量为69.5 t·km^-2,不同区（市、县）生活燃煤量存在明显差异;从燃煤总量来看,开阳县最大,云岩区最小;从单位面积燃煤量来看,云岩区最大,息烽县最小.②全市生活燃煤PM₁₀、PM_2.5、SO₂、NO_x、VOCs、CO、OC、BC排放量分别为1230.5、783.0、6963.5、615.3、1006.8、39096.4、55.9、3.9 t,单位面积排放量分别为153.0、97.4、865.7、76.5、125.2、4860.7、7.0、0.5 kg·km^-2.③生活燃煤污染物排放量呈明显的季节性变化特征,冬季采暖季污染物的排放量远高于非采暖季.④在空间分布上,大气污染物排放主要集中在云岩区、南明区、白云区中南部,以及观山湖区东南部、乌当区西南部及花溪区东北部,这与居民生活区域基本呈一致性分布.⑤调查样本量覆盖了总家庭户数的1.5%,全市以煤炭为生活能源的住户占比约为38.1%,户均燃煤量为（1.158±0.010）t·a^-1,排放清单不确定性总体范围为-82.6%~201.0%.     

社区管理与服务专业毕业生就业意向调查——以中国环境管理干部学院为例

了解和掌握毕业生的就业意向,对于更好地开展就业指导服务、促进大学生就业起到很重要的作用。从就业地区、就业单位、就业信息渠道等方面,对社区管理与服务专业毕业生的就业意向进行调查和分析,提出应该转变毕业生就业观念,对毕业生进行就业心理指导,学校应积极开拓东南沿海地区就业市场,提高就业指导和服务水平,加强专业建设等对策。     

浑善达克沙地退化草地的封育效果调查

封育保护是促进退化草地自然恢复的有效方法之一,为了研究实施京津风沙源工程措施以来浑善达克沙地沙质草场的围封效果,我们特对浑善达克沙地南缘地段的围封草场进行了调查,并取得了一些结果。