超声强化O3氧化技术在水处理中应用的研究

综述超声空化效应降解水中有机物的机理及超声强化Ｏ３的氧化能力，介绍超声强化Ｏ３氧化技术在水处理领域中的应用研究进展。     

光催化氧化处理水中有机污染物

光化催化氧化，是近２０年来的处理水中有机污染物方面发展起来的新方法。虽然该方法仍处于实验室试验阶段，但由于该法氧化能力强，可将有机物降解为无机物，没有或大为减少二次污染，因而在水污染防治中日益显示出广阔的前景。本文在国内外文献的基础上，简要介绍了光催化氧化法处理有机污染物研究进展，机理等概况。     

Carbon nanotubes and cyclodextrin polymers for removing organic pollutants from water

Some organic compounds are major water pollutants. They can be toxic or carcinogenic even at low concentrations. Current technologies, however, fail to remove these contaminants to parts per billion (ppb) levels. Here we report on the removal of organic pollutants from water using cross-linked nanoporous polymers that have been copolymerized with previously functionalized carbon nanotubes. These novel polymers can remove model organic species such as p-nitrophenol by as much as 99% from a 10 mg/L spiked water sample compared to granular activated carbon and native cyclodextrin polymer that removed only 47 and 58%, respectively. These polymers have also demonstrated the ability to remove trichloroethylene (10 mg/L spiked sample) to non-detectable levels (detection limit <0.01 ppb) compared to 55 and 70% for activated carbon and native cyclodextrin polymers, respectively.     

污水土地处理试验工程慢速渗滤系统对优先有机污染物的净化

本文通过模拟实验及现场考察,研究了天津污水土地处理试验工程中慢速渗滤系统对优先有机污染物的净化效率以及该系统经处理污水后对土壤及作物的影响进行了探讨.     

Atmospheric Particle Hygroscopicity and the Influence by Oxidation State of Organic Aerosols in Urban Beijing

A hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyser (H-TDMA) was used to observe the size-resolved hygroscopic characteristics of submicron particles in January and April 2018 in urban Beijing. The probability distribution of the hygroscopic growth factor (HGF-PDF) in winter and spring usually showed a bimodal pattern, with more hygroscopic mode (MH) being more dominant. The seasonal variation in particle hygroscopicity was related to the origin of air mass, which received polluted southerly air masses in spring and clean northwesterly air masses in winter. Particles showed stronger hygroscopic behaviour during heavy pollution episodes (HPEs) with elevated concentrations of secondary aerosols, especially higher mass fraction of nitrate, which were indicated using the PM_2.5 (particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 µm) mass concentration normalised by CO mass concentration. The hygroscopic parameter (κ) values were calculated using H-TDMA (κ_htdma) and chemical composition (κ_chem). The closure study showed that κ_chem was overestimated in winter afternoon when compared with κ_htdma, because the organic particle hygroscopic parameter (κ_org) was overestimated in the calculations. It was influenced by the presence of a high concentration of hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) with a weak water uptake ability. A positive relationship was observed between κ_org and the ratio of oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) and HOA, thereby indicating that the strong oxidation state enhanced the hygroscopicity of the particles. This study revealed the effect of local emission sources and secondary aerosol formation processes on particle hygroscopicity, which is of great significance for understanding the pollution formation mechanism in the North China Plain.     

腐殖酸存在对改善GDX—102树脂吸附富集性能研究

选用ＧＤＸ－１０２树脂其对水中小分子有机物和腐殖酸共同存在时的吸附集集作用，发现当有ＨＡ存在时，树脂对小分子有机物的吸附率显著增加，且是可逆的，先后用ＣＨ２Ｃｌ２和ＮＨ３；乙醇进行分级洗脱，得到满意的洗脱回收率。     

关于有机肥的再认识

不同有机肥的作用是相异的。对土壤微量元素，老化的腐殖质有固定作用、新生的活性腐殖质有促进活性作用。不同用量也会产生截然不同的作用，不当施用有机肥不能培肥土壤。应与土壤肥力联系起来开展ＦＡ研究，从广义上理解“有机培肥”理论，从有机肥利用现状、燃料和饲料、土壤与自然环境以及与有机肥利用有关的其他内容等方面普查，以便科学施用有机肥。     

形稳阳极电解处理有机废水的机理研究

采用简便易行的方法对用形稳阳极电解处理有机废水的机理进行了研究，表明在电解过程中能够产生氧化能力极强的ＨＯ·自由基，可以氧化降解废水中的有机污染物，即有机污染物以间接氧化的方式降解，这是电解催化氧化技术的主要机理。由于上述原因，电解催化氧化技术也属于高级氧化技术的范畴。     

Rice mill waste as organic manure on a degraded Alfisol

In much of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the lack of organic soil amendments constitutes one of the principal causes for declining soil fertility in intensifying farming systems. The challenge, therefore, remains to increase the availability of organic inputs and to develop recommendations for their combination with inorganic fertilizers. An on-farm experiment was conducted in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria to evaluate the fertilizer effect of rice (Oryza sativa L.) mill waste (RMW) on a degraded Alfisol. The decomposition and nutrient (N and P) release patterns of RMW were studied using the litterbag technique, and the effect on maize yield and soil properties was determined. The RMW was applied at rates of 0, 5, 10, and 15 Mg DM ha⁻¹ and was applied either unburnt or burnt (farmers’ practice). In both years, compound fertilizer was broadcast during land preparation on all plots at rates of 40 kg N ha⁻¹, 17 kg P ha⁻¹, and 33 kg K ha⁻¹.Results obtained in the litterbag study showed that, at maize harvest, more than 90% of the P had been released from the decomposing RMW. However, around 60% of the organic C and 45% of the N still remained. Compared to the control treatment (0 Mg ha⁻¹ RMW), which yielded 0.55 Mg ha⁻¹, maize (Zea mays L.) grain yields were increased by 95% when 10 Mg ha⁻¹ of unburnt RMW was applied, and by 147% with 15 Mg ha⁻¹ (mean of 2 years). In contrast, burnt RMW did not result in significant yield increases. The cumulative application of 30 Mg ha⁻¹ of unburnt RMW significantly increased the soil organic carbon in the surface soil from 0.7% (0 Mg ha⁻¹ RMW) to 1.3%.The results of this investigation indicate that RMW constitutes a valuable organic input in the Guinea savanna if applied unburnt at rates of 10–15 Mg ha⁻¹ in combination with inorganic fertilizer. The repeated application of unburnt RMW may contribute to the rehabilitation of degraded soils through the buildup of soil organic matter.     

福州市农作物秸秆资源化处理发展趋势

论述了福州市农作物秸秆的现状及其资源化利用必要性、可行性和实用性。