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121.
Peidong Su Xiangyu Gao Junke Zhang Ridha Djellabi Bo Yang Qi Wu Zhen Wen 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(6):130
122.
123.
本文以三种有机酸为代表,研究并建立了测定水稻土中有机酸的分光光度法。结果表明,三种有机酸的有色络合物具有相同的吸收光谱,且具有相同的最大吸收波长(λ_(mss)=500um)和相近的表观摩尔吸光系数。水分对酯化反应影响很大,含水量达4ml时,吸光值下降85%。酯化温度在10℃以上时,酯化率达最大值且保持稳定。在25℃时,显色反应20min趋干稳定,且在1h内吸光值下降不超过1.2%。土样中的有机酸采用NaCl溶液为提取剂,以3:1的液土比振荡提取30min,NaCl溶液浓度为1%就能达到良好的提取、过滤效果。提取液在烘干前需进行碱化,否则有机酸将损失30%以上。本法平均回收率为92.2%(n=5),标准差为0-0.0478cmol k8~(-1)(n=2-6),平均0.0142cmol kg~(-1)(n=26);变异系数为0—10%(n=2-6),平均4.87%(n=26);线性范围为0—0.0018mol L~(-1)。 相似文献
124.
David T. Welsh 《Chemistry and Ecology》2003,19(5):321-342
Benthic macrofaunal populations through their feeding, bioturbation, burrow construction and sediment irrigation activities have profound influences on organic matter inputs to marine sediments (biodeposition) and on the vertical distribution of deposited organic matter within the sediment. These effects in turn influence the rates and pathways of organic matter mineralisation, and element cycles. Similarly, bioturbation, burrow construction and burrow irrigation are major determinants of sediment-water column fluxes of oxygen and nutrients.
In this review, I discuss the influences of the different benthic macrofaunal feeding (functional) groups on mineralisation processes and sediment-water column fluxes of particulate and dissolved nutrients. How these effects influence diagenic processes, the balance between aerobic and anaerobic processes, and the redox status of the surficial sediments. Finally, I discuss some of the limitations of the predominantly laboratory techniques which have been used to study “macrofaunal effects” and how this hinders the inclusion of the effects in quantitative sediment biogeochemical models. 相似文献
In this review, I discuss the influences of the different benthic macrofaunal feeding (functional) groups on mineralisation processes and sediment-water column fluxes of particulate and dissolved nutrients. How these effects influence diagenic processes, the balance between aerobic and anaerobic processes, and the redox status of the surficial sediments. Finally, I discuss some of the limitations of the predominantly laboratory techniques which have been used to study “macrofaunal effects” and how this hinders the inclusion of the effects in quantitative sediment biogeochemical models. 相似文献
125.
A grazing experiment was started in 1984 and 1989 respectively, in two parts of a dune grassland in the nature reserve ‘Zwanenwater’,
North Holland; a third part with similar geology and topography was used as a control area and not grazed. An evaluation of
the effects of grazing on vegetation patterns, species composition, vegetation structure and humus form was made with the
help of vegetation maps from 1986 and 1992 as well as field surveys.
Dense tall-grass communities dominated byAmmophila arenaria increased over the period 1986–1992 in the grazed areas, and especially in the non-grazed area (increase in area to 20%,
22% and 50%, respectively). Open communities decreased in the grazed areas, but are still prevalent, while in the ungrazed
area they virtually disappeared, with the result that the present percentage areas are 53%, 38% and 17%.
Field survey data were classified by TWINSPAN producing four vegetation types. These occur more or less equally in grazed
and ungrazed areas, albeit with different percentage areas: (1) open vegetation dominated byCorynephorus canescens; (2) open vegetation characteized, byKoeleria macrantha; (3) heathland dominated byEmpetrum nigrum; and (4) tall-grass communities dominated byAmmophila arenaria. Within a vegetation type, species composition was only marginally affected by grazing regime.
Within the open communities the number of species, vegetation height, vegetation cover and soil organic horizons were not
affected by grazing. In the tall-grass communities the number of species was significantly larger and the height of the vegetation
significantly lower in the area grazed since 1984. In the heathland community the number of species and cover of the moss
layer were significantly higher in the 1984 area and ectorganic and endorganic horizons significantly thicker in the ungrazed
area.
It is suggested that these effects are the result of an increased availability of light, but possibly also of a decreased
stock of organic matter and nutrients, due to a decreased input of litter and accelerated rates of decomposition. 相似文献
126.
High Cu and Cd pollution in sediments from Sisimiut, Greenland. Adsorption to organic matter and fine particles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
High concentrations of Cu of up to 200 mg/kg, and Cd of up to 4.0 mg/kg, were found in sediments from the aquatic environment around Sisimiut, Greenland. These concentrations are four times higher than the limiting concentration where toxicological effects are expected. The pollution could be linked to human activities in Sisimiut, a link that have not been investigated previously in Greenland. Except from the most polluted samples there was good correlation between heavy metal concentration and organic matter. Also some relationship between fine fraction and heavy metal concentration was observed. 相似文献
127.
POLLUTION THREATS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA: AN OVERVIEW 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Roberto Danovaro 《Chemistry and Ecology》2003,19(1):15-32
This overview summarises the present knowledge on major sources of pollution, which are of concern for the Mediterranean Sea. Eutrophication, red tides, organic loads, hydrocarbon spills, heavy metal contamination and their biological effects are described on the light of the ecological characteristics of the Mediterranean. In particular special attention is paid to the "new pollution" processes; i.e. , the introduction of novel substances with biological activity that might have synergetic effects with "classical pollutants". Different compartments and marine ecosystems are considered and compared. The degree of anthropogenic impact and its apparent trends are discussed. Possible monitoring plans and remedial actions for a sustainable management of coastal zones subjected to increasing pollution are also suggested. 相似文献
128.
A.?LebedevEmail author N.?Sinikova S.?Nikolaeva O.?Poliakova M.?Khrushcheva S.?Pozdnyakov 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2003,1(1):107-112
To estimate air pollution snow samples were collected in March 2001 at six sites in the vicinity of the Kostomuksha factory
in Karelia. Seventy-two chemical elements and more than 200 individual organic compounds were identified by inductively coupled
plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that the levels of Li, B,
Al, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, Mn, Mo as well as hydrocarbons, phthalates and phenols exceeded the existing maximum allowable concentrations.
A list of toxicants emitted with the factory exhausts and a list of priority pollutants for Kostomuksha were compiled. The
impact of the exhausts of the Kostomuksha factory on the environment in Finland is relatively small.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
129.
Sabine?HeimEmail author Jan?Schwarzbauer Ralf?Littke 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2004,2(1):21-25
Specific anthropogenic substances derived from seepage and leakage water from a waste deposit landfill were analysed in groundwater and drainage effluents using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Here, we demonstrate the application of an organic marker approach to study lateral and vertical distribution of contamination as well as the long-term emission behaviour. Source-specific and environmentally-stable pesticides, plasticisers and pharmaceuticals, such as N,N-diethyl toluamide, N-butyl benzene sulfonamide, clofibric acid, mecoprop and bisphenol A, were quantitatively analysed. A distinct lateral expansion was detected. Although temporal variations were high, no significant trend was observed. 相似文献
130.
Natalia Yoshida Mariano Castro Cecile du Mortier Alicia Fernández Cirelli 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2007,5(3):157-160
The increase of intensive bovine production systems in Argentina involves the use of therapeutic agents and growth promoters
that reach the environment through animal excreta. The growth promoter most widely used in Argentina is monensin, an ionophore
polyether antibiotic produced by Streptomyces cinnamoniensis. Here, the behavior of monensin in different solid environmental matrices is analyzed, and preliminary results that suggest
a strong dependence of monensin retention with the organic matter content of the matrix are discussed. 相似文献