二氧化钛复合型催化剂制备及其微波辅助催化氧化甲苯性能

实验采用溶胶凝胶法和传统浸渍法制备了TiO2-分子筛复合载体及复合载体负载过渡金属与稀土元素催化剂,通过微波辅助催化氧化甲苯的性能实验考察其催化活性.结果表明,复合TiO2明显提高了载体结构的稳定性与耐温性,并使过渡金属铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)和稀土元素铈(Ce)等活性组分在催化剂表面的分散更均匀;在复合载体吸附、吸波性能与多相活性组分催化的共同作用下,Cu-Mn-Ce/TiO2-分子筛催化剂微波辅助催化氧化甲苯的完全燃烧温度仅为175℃,此时甲苯去除率可达99％;15 h的连续性实验表明,TiO2复合型催化剂具有良好的催化活性与稳定性.由催化剂表征分析结果可知,活性组分颗粒的均匀分布与铜、锰氧化物及铜锰尖晶石固溶物等活性相的存在促进了甲苯的催化氧化,锐钛矿型TiO2较高的电子迁移速率与催化剂孔径的增大均有助于甲苯的氧化降解.     

舰用武器装备环境工程实施探讨

针对舰用武器装备经受“三高一多”的恶劣海洋环境特点,介绍了环境工程在舰用武器装备研制过程中的实施途径,包括环境工程管理,环境适应性分析、设计和试验等工作的重点,最后提出了收集环境信息、完善维护细则和进行环境整体防护等环境工程工作的建议。     

生态沟渠-生物滞留池组合控制农村径流污染

生态沟渠和生物滞留池因其良好的径流污染控制能力和生态效益,日益受到广泛关注和应用,但单一的生态沟渠或生物滞留池在农村径流污染控制中常存在氮磷去除效果不稳定和基质易堵塞等问题.将两者串联构建组合系统,利用生态沟渠预处理去除部分污染物,可降低生物滞留池污染负荷和减轻基质堵塞;同时在生物滞留池中设置淹没区并添加天然载体碳源提升系统脱氮效果.研究了载体碳源、降雨强度和干湿交替等条件对生态沟渠-生物滞留池组合系统控制农村径流污染的影响.结果表明,投加稻草和木屑两种天然载体碳源分别将生物滞留池段的TN去除率提升19.9%和20.4%.模拟降雨强度从小雨增至大雨时,外加碳源组合系统COD、 NH⁺₄-N、 TN和TP去除率平均下降17.0%、 16.8%、 20.4%和17.2%,其中生态沟渠段对4种污染物的去除贡献平均降低16.3%、 13.0%、 24.2%和22.1%.干湿交替运行可提高系统的污染物去除效果,相较连续进水,干旱3周后木屑组TN平均去除率提升12.3%.微生物群落分析结果显示,木屑组和稻草组生物滞留池样品的α多样性高于对照组;投加载体碳...     

多孔聚合物载体与活性炭载体用于厌氧流化床处理有机废水的比较

比较了多孔聚合物载体 (HP)与颗粒活性炭载体 (GAC)厌氧流化床处理合成废水与造纸废水时的性能 .研究表明 ,HP载体反应器处理合成废水时 ,进料COD容积负荷最大 65.6kg/(m³·d)时 ,COD去除率为 84% ,沼气容积产气率为 16.5m³/(m³·d) ;GAC载体反应器最大进料COD负荷 63.26kg/(m³·d)时 ,COD去除率为74.2% ,沼气容积产气率为 14.5m³/(m³·d) .HP载体处理造纸废水 ,反应器进料COD容积负荷为 14.5～36.15kg/(m³·d)时 ,COD去除率为 64.7%～54.5% ,沼气产气率为 1.89～2.7m³/(m³·d) ;GAC载体进料COD容积负荷为 9.16～19.06kg/(m³·d)时 ,COD去除率为 61.0 %～52.1% ,沼气产气率为 0.73～2.01m³/(m³·d) .微生物固定化效果、废水处理效率及综合经济性HP载体反应器明显优于GAC载体反应器 .     

序批式移动床生物膜反应器富集反硝化聚磷菌及其在单污泥系统中的应用

本文介绍了在单污泥系统中选择和富集反硝化聚磷菌的国内外研究进展,对不同研究者提出的选择和富集反硝化聚磷菌的方法进行了分析和评价,并提出将反硝化聚磷菌与移动床生物膜反应器工艺结合起来,在序批式移动床生物膜反应器悬浮填料上选择和富集反硝化聚磷菌,进一步认识了反硝化聚磷菌的生化特征,使其成为反应器中优势菌群,以及该工艺今后的研究重点。     

印染废水处理提标小试研究

利用"水解酸化+强化好氧+深度处理"的工艺技术方案开展印染废水小试研究。在工艺前端采用混流式和升流式两级水解酸化池,后续在曝气池投加活性焦载体,提高污泥浓度,强化好氧池处理能力,最后对生化出水加药混凝,并用生物活性焦滤池进行深度处理。结果表明,该处理工艺适宜处理印染废水,处理效果达到处理提标要求。     

1/f噪声源与其在半导体器件可靠性评估中的应用

1／f噪声,由于其能够反映器件的质量与可靠性参数,其研究受到重视。本文首先较为系统地介绍了1／f噪声源两种较为成熟的理论：迁移率涨落模型和载流子涨落模型,最后介绍了几个1／f噪声与半导体器件参数漂移相关的实例。     

Influence of thermal environment on metallographic structure characteristics of the electric arc bead pattern

Electrical apparatuses are prone to arc, which generally causes a fire, even an explosion hazard, when a flammable gas mixture is present, especially during industrial processes. Terrible fire scenes are challenging for fire investigations. In this work, by performing a simultaneous thermal analysis test we simulated a fire environment and found that as the oxygen concentration decreased, the oxidation/exothermic peak temperature of ‘cause’ bead became higher, but the melting temperature was unaffected. Results indicated that the bead pattern underwent oxidation at approximately 831 °C, melting initiated at approximately 1060 °C, and the pattern then disappeared. The melted pattern grain changes were divided into three critical temperature stages: Approximately 600 °C, the onset temperature at which the melted pattern grains began to be equiaxed; approximately 831 °C, at which the grains were interspersed with oxygen-containing material; and 831–1060 °C, when the grains disappeared, which is a criterion for identifying electrical fires. However, the boundaries remained throughout the thermal environment process. Moreover, the bead pattern demonstrated three metallographic regions: Deep layer (Region I), the intermediate layer (Region Ⅱ), and surface layer (Region Ⅲ). Region I was the most thermally sensitive, in which equiaxed crystals first appeared. Region Ⅲ was the thermal reaction lag zone, in which the typical branching crystals finally disappeared, and Region Ⅱ was intermediate between Regions I and Ⅲ. The results may help fire investigators determine the fire scene temperature stages and provide support for fire evidence extraction.     

Nitrogen removal efficiencies and microbial communities in full-scale IFAS and MBBR municipal wastewater treatment plants at high COD:N ratio

• Two IFAS and two MBBR full-scale systems (high COD:N ratio 8:1) were characterized. • High specific surface area carriers grew and retained slow-growing nitrifiers. • High TN removal is related to high SRT and low DO concentration in anoxic tanks. The relative locations of AOB, NOB, and DNB were examined for three different kinds of carriers in two types of hybrid biofilm process configurations: integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) processes. IFAS water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) used Anodkalness^TM K1 carriers (KC) at Broomfield, Colorado, USA and polypropylene resin carriers (RC) at Fukuoka, Japan, while MBBR WRRFs used KC carriers at South Adams County, Colorado, USA and sponge carriers (SC) at Saga, Japan. Influent COD to N ratios ranged from 8:1 to 15:1. The COD and BOD removal efficiencies were high (96%–98%); NH₄⁺-N and TN removal efficiencies were more varied at 72%–98% and 64%–77%, respectively. The extent of TN removal was higher at high SRT, high COD:N ratio and low DO concentration in the anoxic tank. In IFAS, RC with high specific surface area (SSA) maintained higher AOB population than KC. Sponge carriers with high SSA maintained higher overall bacteria population than KC in MBBR systems. However, the DNB were not more abundant in high SSA carriers. The diversity of AOB, NOB, and DNB was fairly similar in different carriers. Nitrosomonas sp. dominated over Nitrosospira sp. while denitrifying bacteria included Rhodobacter sp., Sulfuritalea sp., Rubrivivax sp., Paracoccus sp., and Pseudomonas sp. The results from this work suggest that high SRT, high COD:N ratio, low DO concentration in anoxic tanks, and carriers with greater surface area may be recommended for high COD, BOD and TN removal in WRRFs with IFAS and MBBR systems.     

炼油厂污水回用处理研究

研究表明，炼油厂外排污水采用悬浮载体生物接触氧化、砂滤和臭氧生物活性炭工艺深度处理，主要污染物都有良好的去除效果，总出水清澈、无色，可以满足多种回用要求。分析表明，大部分还原性污染物通过生物深度处理而去除，而微量有机物主要由臭氧生物活性炭去除。工艺系统具有除污染效率高、运行稳定、抗冲击能力强等优点。