影响硝化细菌养殖水污染处理的因素分析研究

为了进一步探讨优化养殖水污染的治理技术,文中介绍了养殖水污染的来源及其成分,提出了相关硝化细菌的基本内容,阐述分析了硝化细菌的保存、分离和污水处理效率等一些相关的影响因素,同时提出可以影响硝化细菌在养殖水污染处理中的因素,这些因素主要有硝化细菌的分离纯化、硝化细菌如何进行保存、硝化细菌如何进行鉴定和硝化细菌如何进行养殖污水处理效率的影响因素,将对进一步提高养殖污水处理效率,促进养殖水污染治理提供一定的帮助.     

水产养殖环境管理与污染减排的政策建议

随着我国水产养殖业的迅速发展,水产养殖环境问题日益突出。针对我国水产养殖业在行政管理、法律法规制度和养殖户管理等方面存在的环境管理问题,结合国际水产养殖业环境管理经验,本文从制定水产养殖环境管理专门法规、实施水产养殖排污许可证制度、加强环境友好养殖技术集成创新和推广生态健康养殖模式等方面提出了政策建议。     

循环流水产养殖系统净化研究

文章研究了不同水力停留时间和壳聚糖的投加对循环流水产养殖系统的影响,结果表明,当水力停留时间为8 h,系统内除磷,除氨氮、COD效果明显,通过生物滤池和植物滤池的去除,NO2-浓度下降,植物滤池平均出水浓度总磷1.60 mg/L、氨氮0.016 mg/L、COD为21.788 mg/L;养鱼池投加壳聚糖,出水的色度和浊度都明显降低。     

典型养殖型湖泊沉积物污染风险评价及来源解析

为了解典型养殖型湖泊沉积物污染特征以及污染来源,系统采集并测定了骆马湖养殖区和非养殖区沉积物营养盐与5种重金属元素（Cu、Zn、Hg、Pb和Cr）含量.分析了骆马湖沉积物污染物的空间分布特征和垂向分布特征,基于潜在生态危害指数法和健康风险评价模型对沉积物重金属生态健康风险进行评价,并通过Pearson相关性分析与主成分分析（PCA）进行污染物来源解析.结果表明：骆马湖沉积物整体污染严重,由于圈圩和围网养殖阻碍了水体连通性,养殖区营养盐空间分布不均,重金属在入湖口附近含量更高.同时大量投放的鱼类、营养物质和含重金属杀菌剂等对湖泊生态系统和环境造成了一定破坏.圈圩区沉积物营养盐和重金属在垂向上无明显的线性累积,但非养殖区沉积物污染程度随深度变浅而增加趋势明显.骆马湖沉积物重金属整体呈重度生态风险,其中Hg的生态风险最高.除了Cr对儿童健康具有非致癌风险,其他重金属尚未对人体健康构成致癌和非致癌风险.总体而言,骆马湖沉积物中重金属如Zn、Pb、Hg和总磷以入湖客水与骆马湖沿岸旅游业、工业及农业开发等外源输入为主;总氮和总有机碳主要受养殖和水生植物等内源影响;基于污染来源解析结果,建议对骆马湖进行分区针对性控制管理.     

An approach and preliminary model of integrating ecological and economic constraints of environmental quality in the Guayas River estuary, Ecuador

We describe conceptual and simulation models of land use within the intertidal zone of the Guayas River estuary to quantify the contribution of mangrove wetlands to maintaining environmental quality of a tropical estuary. The goal of this exercise is to demonstrate the important consideration of ecological constraints in determining economic and management decisions; and how modeling can be used to quantify impacts of land use such as loss of mangrove wetlands on environmental quality. Our conceptual model treats solar energy, river flow, and tides as forcing functions that control the properties of estuarine ecosystems, but also describes market forces and cultural policies as constraints on properties of socioeconomic systems. The controversy of coastal resource management in Ecuador centers around the relative impacts of shrimp pond construction and management as negative feedbacks to the environmental quality of the Guayas River estuary. Unique oceanographic processes and land use changes contribute to complex issues of water and habitat quality in this tropical estuary, the largest estuarine complex on the Pacific coast of South America. A dynamic box model was developed for the estuary and calibrated with data collected from a 14 month survey of water quality parameters throughout the estuary. Scenarios included conversion of mangroves to shrimp ponds in three regions of the estuary, and the construction of a dam by varying three different rates of river discharge at 100, 50 and 10% of 1989 base flow. Good water quality is maintained by the low residence time of water in the estuary (11 d) because of seasonally high river flow and tidal exchange. With a 90% reduction of mangrove forests in the estuary caused by shrimp pond construction, total nitrogen concentrations increased 5 fold. However, as river discharge decreased to 10%, the same construction caused a 60 fold increase in nitrogen concentrations to 250 μM. Increases in nitrogen concentrations were higher in the upper estuary region, with much less change in the lower estuary. Thus the sensitivity of environmental quality to changes in land use in the intertidal and upland zone are linked to the hydrography of the estuary and is site specific. In the future, the combinations of these ecological models together with economic analyses of the goods and services of mangroves may provide better techniques to evaluate the economic impacts of specific coastal zone management decisions.     

生物水净化剂对养殖水质及饵料生物的影响

用生物水净化剂对投加无机肥和有机肥的养殖水体进行试验研究。结果表明,无论是投加无机肥或有机肥的养殖水体,生物水净化剂对其水质都有较强的净化作用。与对照组相比较,处理组NH3-N、叶绿素均有不同程度的降低,NH3-N最高降幅达到89.4%,COD得到有效控制,透明度显著增加。在有机肥实验中,生物水净化剂对藻类有明显的抑制作用,浓度越高,对藻类的抑制作用越明显。饵料生物方面,尽管生物水净化剂对大型浮游动物(轮虫和浮游甲壳动物)的直接影响不明显,但它对原生动物有明显的促进作用。因此,生物水净化剂在改善养殖水体水质方面有较高的应用价值。     

固定化微生物技术对养殖水体脱氮的研究进展

固定化微生物技术是一种有效去除养殖水体中氨氮等污染物质的生物处理新技术.对微生物固定化方法进行了分类,归纳了微生物固定化的主要特征以及反应器类型,讨论了影响微生物固定化的重要因素.综述了固定化微生物技术在养殖水体脱氮中国内外的研究现状,并针对相关问题提出了今后的研究和发展方向.     

多功能富氧净水器在养殖领域的研究与应用

多功能富氧净水器的研究,采用聚丙烯微孔滤膜、复合活性炭纤维、酸性洗涤纤维及复合炭粒作为过滤吸附材料,并采用三碘树脂杀菌剂和载银活性炭复合杀菌剂进行灭菌,应用"综合过滤渗透法"的机理,将净化、矿化、灭菌、增氧等有机结合并进行反复的研究和试验,有效去除了水中微生物、污染物,降低化学需氧量和水的硬度,达到净化水质,增加水中溶解氧等预期效果,成功的应用在水产养殖等领域。