基于底栖动物群落特征的再生水回用河道环境质量评价

为更加全面地分析污水处理厂再生水回用于城市河道的生态安全性并评价其生境状态,该研究在宁波市某再生水回用河道的生态修复段进行了水质监测和底栖动物采样调查,通过计算Wright指数和综合水质标识指数对研究河段水质状况进行了分级评价.结果表明,再生水输入河道生态修复段后,河道常规水质指标稳定达到水环境功能区目标,Wright...     

三峡地区工业行业环境与经济行为特征分析

通过对三峡地区工业污染物产生强度和排放强度分析表明,三峡地区的产生强度和排放强度均高于东部先进水平和全国平均水平,指出了三峡地区的污染防治需从源头控制和末端治理双管齐下进行;引入"环境协调指数EHI(行业的经济贡献率与污染贡献率的比值)"分析行业的环境与经济行为特征,指明了三峡地区COD和氨氮相对污染重、经济效益差的行业.为区域产业结构调整提供了科学依据.     

环境承载力与环境扶贫

随着人类环境意识的觉醒与升华，引发了对自身生存环境的更深层次的思考。本文就环境承载力的内涵与外延以及它既会造成贫困又可解脱贫困的关键作用进行了研究和探讨。     

Belowground effects of enhanced tropospheric ozone and drought in a beech/spruce forest (Fagus sylvatica L./Picea abies [L.] Karst)

The effects of experimentally elevated O₃ on soil respiration rates, standing fine-root biomass, fine-root production and δ¹³C signature of newly produced fine roots were investigated in an adult European beech/Norway spruce forest in Germany during two subsequent years with contrasting rainfall patterns. During humid 2002, soil respiration rate was enhanced under elevated O₃ under beech and spruce, and was related to O₃-stimulated fine-root production only in beech. During dry 2003, the stimulating effect of O₃ on soil respiration rate vanished under spruce, which was correlated with decreased fine-root production in spruce under drought, irrespective of the O₃ regime. δ¹³C signature of newly formed fine-roots was consistent with the differing g_s of beech and spruce, and indicated stomatal limitation by O₃ in beech and by drought in spruce. Our study showed that drought can override the stimulating O₃ effects on fine-root dynamics and soil respiration in mature beech and spruce forests.     

我国空气自动监测系统的现状与发展趋势

结合四川省环境空气自动监测系统的运行,从运行管理模式方面探讨了我国空气自动监测系统的发展现状,以及通过国内外环境空气评价指标的比较,探讨了现阶段中国环境空气质量评价体系的不足以及增加空气污染指数分指标的必要性.     

基于地形位置指数的赤水河流域植被时空变化研究

地形因子和植被覆盖是区域灾害评价的关键指标,也是山区型村镇建设生态安全评估的重要内容.为探析山区型村镇建设的生态约束条件,以赤水河流域为研究对象,基于1998—2018年SPOT_VGT NDVI数据,利用地形位置指数(Topographic Position Index, TPI)和坡度位置指数方法,研究了赤水河流域植被生长季NDVI时空变化及地形分异特征.结果表明:(1)赤水河流域内,1998—2018年植被生长季平均NDVI呈缓慢上升趋势,斜率为0.004 7;NDVI>0.60的集中连片区域主要分布在古蔺县北部、赤水市大部和习水县西北部,占赤水河流域总面积的8.42%;Sen′s slope在0.009～0.015区间时,赤水河流域植被生长增强趋势最明显,主要集中分布在赤水河中上游、二道河以及下游的大同河干流地区.(2)TPI在-39.4～34.3区间的面积最多,为6 221.63 km²,占赤水河流域总面积的34.05%;将赤水河流域坡度类型划分为山脊、上坡、中坡、平坡、下坡、山谷6个坡度位置类型,其中,中坡面积(7 792.0...     

PM_(2.5)对环境空气质量评价结果的影响分析

从2011年12月1日开始在常规空气监测点对影响吉林市空气质量的两个颗粒物指标PM2.5和PM10进行了同步比对监测。结果表明:PM2.5和PM10有显著的相关性,相关系数为0.982;采暖期PM2.5和PM10的比值平均为0.57。分别采用现行和新标准对监测结果进行了评价,其结果好于二级天数将比现行标准评价结果减少12.4%。     

长山河水质评价及变化趋势分析

以2015 ～2019年长山河4个水质监测站的监测数据为基础,采用综合水质标识指数法对其历年水质进行评价,利用季节性kendall检验法对各监测断面的高锰酸盐指数,氨氮,总磷等3个监测指标变化趋势进行分析.结果 表明:长山河各断面的综合水质均达到或优于水功能区目标要求,水质污染总体呈下降趋势,其中长山河大桥和长山闸一号...     

Occupational risks and the value and modelling of a measurement of severity

In studies of occupational risks, severity, which is a component of the estimation of every risk, appears as a multifaceted entity assessable according to numerous criteria. A method of measuring the degree of severity of the consequences of potentially dangerous events would be of undeniable value to organisations seeking to improve their understanding of the complexity of such events. The need to control severity is highlighted by scientifically acquired improvements in the understanding of occupational risks, by certain new regulatory obligations in Europe, and by some requirements in the financial management of organisations. We put forward a statistical way of integrating several constituent elements of severity and hence of determining a relevant, synthetic, one-dimensional index. This is achieved by means of principal component analysis (PCA), which is used here to calculate a resultant severity, as in some physical measurements. We also investigate how severity may be statistically modelled, with the aim of contributing to the quantitative assessment of occupational risks. The choice of parametric models is detailed and illustrated by the search for a suitable model for workplace accidents in an organisational setting. The practical value of modelling severity is two-fold. First, one is able to study the distribution of the numerical values of severity over a continuum (a theoretically infinite numerical set) rather than through a limited number of arbitrarily defined categories. Second, with a generally applicable parametric model, one can estimate the law of probability of a measurement of severity in a particular situation, notably recent or new. Lastly, the statistical concept of risk curve is defined and discussed. The goal is to incorporate the severity component into the risk assessment in the form of a probability law, thus circumventing the difficulties associated with an analysis of scenarios.     

城市水资源系统综合评价指标体系初探

基于中国城市缺水的历史和现状，运用系统研究的方法，对影响城市水资源系统的自然禀赋、供水能力、用水效率和排放处理等子系统因素进行了综合分析，建立了包括目标层、准则层、指标层和方案层４个层次的城市水资源系统综合指标体系，并对评价程序和方法进行了理论分析，最后就目标层和准则层的可能评价结果建立了多维城市水资源综合评语集，对城市缺水类型进行分析，并可据此提出相应对策。