灰色关联法和层次分析法在工程方案优选中的应用

针对目前工程方案在选择过程中普遍存在的主观随意性和不确定性,结合工程中的实际问题,将层次分析法的思想融入灰色关联法之中,使灰色关联模型的建立和求解更趋完善,并结合污水处理厂多方案投标的实际案例,对模型的建立过程和求解的步骤进行逐步的验证,通过验证证实了层次分析法和灰色关联法联合使用能够在一定程度解决目前多方案选择过程中主观因素影响过大的问题。从而为工程中多方案的优化选择问题提出了一套客观化的方案。     

电化催化氧化处理酸性蒽醌绿2Ж废水

文章采用RuO2-Ti板作为阳极,不锈钢板为阴极,研究了pH值、电解质种类及浓度、电压、电解时间与通电方式对酸性蒽醌绿2Ж模拟染料废水电催化氧化效果,结果表明处理酸性蒽醌绿2Ж模拟染料废水的最佳电催化氧化条件为槽电压10V、初始pH值为4、NaCl浓度为2.0g/L;在此条件下连续电解50min,COD去除率和脱色率分别为61.46%和83.14%。文章首次提出脉冲电催化氧化方式,研究表明脉冲电催化氧化可以明显提高能量效率和电流效率,降低处理成本。     

不同灾后救援情境下医疗人员与医疗物品最优订购的报童模型

灾后救援过程中医疗人员和医疗物品的最优配置（订购）是应急管理的1个重要问题,运用多产品报童模型分析不同灾后救援情境下医疗人员与医疗物品最优配置（订购）问题。首先,针对地震、海啸等不同灾害类型的灾后救援情境,结合医疗人员和医疗物品的互补特征,提出3条基本假设;其次,分析医疗人员和医疗物品2种资源不同订购量的期望收益函数,构建2种资源的最优订购报童模型,根据海瑟矩阵证明该问题存在着最优解,并运用库恩塔克优化条件得出最优解;最后,结合数值分析方法,分析地震、海啸等救援情境下医疗人员与医疗物品的最优订购数量。研究结果表明:医疗物品最优订购数量与其成本成反比;医疗物品最优订购数量与医疗人员最优配置数量成正比,与其退货补贴成正比;医疗人员和医疗物品的最优配置（订购）数量需要满足基本的互补关系。     

Adsorption removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by active red mud

Red mud is the waste of alumina industry and has high TiO_2 and Fe_2O_3 content which are active components for the adsorption of anion pollutants.In this study,the uptake of phosphate by red mud activated by heat treatment and acid-heat treatment was investigated. The factors influencing the adsorption were also investigated.The result showed that the red mud sample treated using acid-heat method at 80℃with 0.25 mol/L HC1 for 2 h achieved the highest phosphate removal.For the heat-activated red mud,the sample heated at 700℃for 2 h preformed better than the other heat treatment.Phosphate removal by the activated red mud was significantly pH dependent,and pH 7 was the optimal pH for phosphate removal.The adsorption fits Langmuir isotherm model well and the maximum adsorption capacities of the acid-heat activated red mud and the heat activated samples were 202.9 mgP/g and 155.2 mgP/g,respectively.     

Are Investments in Groundwater Irrigation Profitable? A Case of Rice Farms from South India1

Varghese, Shalet Korattukudy, Jeroen Buysse, Aymen Frija, Stijn Speelman, and Guido Van Huylenbroeck, 2012. Are Investments in Groundwater Irrigation Profitable? A Case of Rice Farms from South India. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐15. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00690.x Abstract: This article examines the profitability of cultivating double rice under bore well irrigation, given the cumulative interference of and reduced life span of wells, and thus increases the cost of groundwater extraction and use. The overexploitation of groundwater is a common stock problem and the cultivation of water intensive crops, such as rice, further exacerbates the overdraft of groundwater. Under these circumstances, we quantify the marginal benefit of irrigation investments in rice farming by estimating the probability of having a double rice crop as a function of the investment made in wells. Using this information, we explore profit maximization behavior of farms with a mathematical programming model to derive individual economic optima of irrigation costs. The results demonstrate that the ongoing overexploitation of groundwater, and its use to cultivate an economically inefficient crop, such as rice, has resulted in low profitability at farm level. A sensitivity analysis found that even when the investment in irrigation wells is reduced by 70%, small farms are still not economically efficient, thereby confirming the Tragedy of the Commons. Raising awareness amongst farmers with regard to the economics of irrigation would facilitate the participatory implementation of control mechanisms to regulate groundwater extraction.     

淮安市生活垃圾处理方案的优选

运用层次分析法对淮安市生活垃圾分选工艺从技术、经济、环境社会效益的角度进行对比优选,确定适合现阶段淮安市城市生活垃圾的分选工艺,为政府决策提供依据。     

基于系统动力学模型的清河流域产业结构优化研究

基于清河流域近年的"经济-社会"现状特点与发展趋势,以2010年为水平基准年,建立清河流域产业结构优化SD模型,将整个系统分为人口及生活子系统、经济子系统、用水子系统和污染物子系统。设置四种情景方案进行模拟,模拟时间为2010年到2020年,通过各个方案结果对比分析选出方案四为最优方案。并根据最优方案提出清河流域产业结构优化的建议,从而为清河流域经济的健康可持续发展提供科学的决策依据。     

交通拥挤负外部性产生的原因及内部化手段的环境经济学分析

应用微观经济学中的供需理论及环境经济学相关理论,从外部性理论的角度分析了城市道路交通拥挤产生的根本原因,将庇古税与补贴、科斯定理及政府管制应用于交通领域,并对这三种交通拥挤的负外部性内部化手段进行了环境经济学分析。     

基于最佳分析粒度的大辽河流域湿地景观格局分析

湿地景观格局分析是湿地生态和全球变化研究领域的热点,最佳分析粒度是景观格局分析准确性的关键指标.定性与定量相结合,综合利用景观指数粒度效应分析和信息损失评价,确定了大辽河流域湿地景观格局的最佳分析粒度为60m.在该粒度下,选取反映空间组成和空间构型的指数,进行湿地景观格局分析.结果表明:①大辽河流域湿地景观主体为水田、...     

基于不确定性的水资源优化配置模型及其实证研究

针对城市水资源系统中存在的不确定性,将可信性模糊机会约束规划模型与区间规划相结合,提出了不确定环境下的可信性模糊-区间线性规划(FILP)模型,将其应用于某城市水资源优化配置与科学管理中,构建了城市水资源优化配置FILP模型.该模型以城市的经济、社会与环境的可持续发展为目标,以供需水量等为不确定性约束,以各水源在各子区不同部门间的分配为决策变量,利用改进的风险显性区间规划算法进行求解得到一定置信度和意愿水平下的水资源优化配置风险-收益权衡方案.实证研究表明,该模型反映了不确定性因素对水资源系统收益的影响,能够为实际的优化决策提供方法支持.