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31.
环境质量消费的经济学分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以理性经济人,环境质量的需求和供给可以充分市场化,环境质量与地租正相关为理论假并把消费者抽象为高,低收入两个团体,通过建立理论模型来探讨消费者收入水平,环境质量的供给特性和环境质量消 这间的一般规律,结果表明(1)消费者收为公共物品,它 给方式也影响实际消费,由于环境质量存在空间差异,这种影响可以通过空间迁移选择来体现;(4)政府通过管理来调控环境质量供给,需求和消费的再分配。 相似文献
32.
对污染治理设施市场化运营进行了研究,对不同第三方运营模式进行了比较。针对不同特点的运营模式,提出了加大政策扶持,降低运营风险,健全监管机制,规范管理以及加快运营管理法规建设等建议,旨在使环保设施市场化运营体系走向规范化、市场化、专业化和社会化,为我国污染防治设施规范管理、加快运营的集约化发展提供了参考依据。 相似文献
33.
Tongzhu Zhang Jiangwei Chu Xueping WangXianghai Liu Pengfei Cui 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(6):613-622
Along with the increasing number of automotive output and End-of-Life vehicles (ELVs) in China, resources shortage and environmental pollution are aggravating, so the tremendous need to reuse automotive components gives birth to the industry. The Chinese government becomes to realize that it is necessary to build a conservation-oriented and environment-friendly harmonious society. As the ultimate form of recycling, remanufacturing will be an effective method to promote the development of Chinese circular economy. The automotive remanufacturing industry in China is just at the preliminary stage, this paper presents some problems before remanufacturing, during remanufacturing and after remanufacturing, and then it points out several barriers, such as restrictive policies and regulations, consumer acceptance, scarcity of technologies, etc. Like many other developed countries, Chinese remanufacturing industry will also experience the primary stage, growth stage and developed stage. while the emphasis of resources input will not be the same. By analyzing the resources input characteristics at different development stages, three development patterns, such as the Government Incenting Pattern, Technology Driving Pattern and Market Leading Pattern, are put forward. At present, the cooperation of the government, industry, universities and research institutes, etc, will jointly construct the enhancing system of automotive components remanufacturing industry in China. Finally, it concludes with a summary and some suggestions in the field. 相似文献
34.
陈立文 《中国安全科学学报》1997,7(3):47-52
对影响煤炭自燃发火危险程度的主要因素进行主观判断,运用逐步聚类分析法,对开采煤层煤炭自燃发火的危险程度进行识别,为判定煤炭自燃发火危险程度提供了一种理论方法 相似文献
35.
城市景观格局对热环境影响遥感研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为揭示城市景观格局对热环境的影响,在遥感及景观理论的支持下,对长春市1993年、2005年的城市热环境与景观格局进行分析。研究发现,在清理围墙院落等科学、合理的城市规划影响下,研究区"封闭式"的景观状态得以改变,向着离散、多样、均匀的方向发展;热环境也有所改善,特别是高温区面积减少了6.2%;城市热环境不仅与下垫面的景观类型密切联系,还与景观类型的空间组合格局有关系。对该区地表温度与景观多样性指数进行分析,发现二者具有明显的二次抛物线相关关系。 相似文献
36.
根据红壤坡位的理化性质分界,在低丘红壤上建立了“顶林-腰园-谷农-塘渔”立体种植模式,并在塘边建造猪场,以养猪为纽带,实行种养结合,建立“果(饲)-猪-沼气-菇-鱼-粮(菜)”链式循环,链环间再加以定量化调控,形成协调和系统的良性循环。 相似文献
37.
38.
Extrapolating across scales is a critical problem in ecology. Explicit mechanistic models of ecological systems provide a bridge from measurements of processes at small and short scales to larger scales; spatial patterns at large scales can be used to test the outcomes of these models. However, it is necessary to identify patterns that are not dependent on initial conditions, because small scale initial conditions will not normally be measured at large scales. We examined one possible pattern that could meet these conditions, the relationship between mean and variance in abundance of a parasitic tick in an individual based model of a lizard tick interaction. We scaled discrepancies between the observed and simulated patterns with a transformation of the variance–covariance matrix of the observed pattern to objectively identify patterns that are “close”. 相似文献
39.
This paper demonstrates that while pattern formation can stabilize individual-based models of predator–prey systems, the same individual-based models also allow for stabilization by alternate mechanisms, particularly localized consumption or diffusion limitation. The movement rules of the simulation are the critical feature which determines which of these mechanisms stabilizes any particular predator–prey individual-based model. In particular, systems from well-connected subpopulations, in each of which a predator can attack any prey, generally exhibit stabilization by pattern formation. In contrast, when restricted movement within a (sub-)population limits the ability of predators to consume prey, localized consumption or diffusion limitation can stabilize the system. Thus while the conclusions from differential equations on the role of pattern formation for stability may apply to discrete and noisy systems, it will take a detailed understanding of movement and scales of interaction to examine the role of pattern formation in real systems. Additionally, it will be important to link an understanding of both foraging and inter-patch movement, since by analogy to the models, both would be critical for understanding how real systems are stabilized by being discrete and spatial. 相似文献
40.
Chemometrics are increasingly used in environmental monitoring studies, but are still far from being accepted as routine tools by field specialists. The multivariate character of usually highly correlated environmental data recommends the use of advanced chemometrics as part of the analytical methodology in order to get information on the basic structure of data. In this work, we have applied a battery of non-supervised (Principal Component Analysis (PCA)) and supervised (k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN), Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogies (SIMCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)) multivariate techniques on a specific environmental dataset. The dataset consists on the concentration of 14 elements (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, V and Zn) in 95 sediments collected at eight different locations of the estuary of the Nerbioi-Ibaizabal River (Bilbao, Basque Country) during 12 sampling campaigns conducted every 3 months between 2005 and 2008. The study aims to present a simple methodology of general applicability which may result in a flexible and practical tool to assess chemical pollution in sediments of a given specific site. 相似文献