天然矿物复合陶瓷材料制备及对印染废水脱色的研究

印染废水是水污染的重要来源之一,是目前较难处理与急需处理的工业废水。天然矿物材料通过吸附、光催化降解等作用可有效去除印染废水中的染料分子。为了开发新型环境矿物材料,采用白云石、菱镁矿等天然矿物作为原材料经粉碎、配料、造粒、烧结、水洗合成天然矿物复合陶瓷材料,用于印染废水的脱色。对酸性黑10B和直接混纺蓝D-3GL2种不同性质的染料废水进行了定量脱色研究。研究表明,当材料投加量为8 g/L,处理时间12 h,pH2~8,对2种废水均有95%以上的去除率;经800℃煅烧15 min的工艺进行再生活化,实现了陶瓷材料的循环使用。此方法制得的天然矿物复合陶瓷材料微孔结构明显,机械强度高,散失率低,解决了粉末材料在废水脱色过程中存在的固液难以分离的问题。     

Control of upland bank erosion through tidal marsh construction on restored shores: Application in the maryland portion of Chesapeake Bay

During the period of 1972 through 1993, Environmental Concern Inc. (EC) and its recent (1989) affiliate Environmental Construction Company (ECC) have completed 216 marsh construction projects to control upland bank erosion in tributaries of the Maryland portion of Chesapeake Bay. Of these projects, 26 have involved marsh construction on unaltered existing shores and 190 have utilized marsh construction on shores that have been restored to former increased elevations through shoreline filling and grading. This paper describes the latter restoration technique. Throughout the 21-year period of applying the technique for long-term upland bank erosion control, refinements to the design standards and criteria for site suitability have been made so as to optimize its successful application. As a result of this experience, a reliable bioengineering restoration technique has evolved to control upland bank erosion. This paper describes the details of this successful technique through a review of: (1) its objectives and benefits, (2) suitability of sites for its application, (3) the design of its shore restoration, (4) its construction, (5) its maintenance, and (6) comparison of its cost with those of structural techniques for bank erosion control. Although the technique has only been applied in the Maryland portions of Chesapeake Bay, its applicability should, with modifications, be broadly applicable to all water bodies.     

Innovation in the minerals industry: Australia in a global context

The pattern of innovation in the global minerals industry is changing as the industry becomes increasingly globalised. In this paper, we look at the structure of innovation in the industry and the drivers of change. We first consider the broad international trends and then examine these more closely with special reference to the Australian industry. Issues addressed include the apparent decline in corporate research and development spending, changing patterns in research collaboration and outsourcing, and the uptake of information and communication technologies in the industry. We also look at the potential implications of these trends for step-change technological developments and at the role of technological innovation in the future development of the industry.     

舟山群岛表层沉积物粒度和黏土矿物分布特征与物源指示

通过对舟山群岛表层沉积物样品的粒度分析和黏土矿物含量测定,研究了表层沉积物的粒度分布特征及黏土矿物组成。利用Flemming三角图示法分析了研究区域的沉积动力环境,并探讨了沉积物的物质来源。结果表明,舟山群岛表层沉积物共有5种类型,其中粉砂含量最高,呈片状广泛分布于舟山群岛东部宽阔海域;研究区表层沉积物分选性较差,以正偏为主;沉积物样品在Flemming三角图上投影显示,粉砂沉积物集中在D-Ⅱ,E-Ⅱ,E-Ⅲ区,砂质粉砂等沉积物零星分布在D-Ⅱ,C-Ⅱ及S区,表明研究区沉积物整体粒径较细、岛屿间水动力较强,开阔水域水动力较弱。研究区黏土矿物中伊利石为优势矿物,质量分数均值为61.5%;其次为绿泥石,质量分数均值为15.0%;高岭石和蒙脱石含量较少,质量分数均值分别为12.7%和10.9%。黏土矿物组合类型以伊利石 绿泥石 高岭石 蒙脱石为主,伊利石 绿泥石 蒙脱石 高岭石次之,具有类长江型沉积物特征。舟山群岛表层沉积物以陆源成因为主,物质来源以长江为主、浙江河流入海输沙以及舟山群岛岩石风化产物为补充。     

胞外聚合物对微生物还原含镉聚合硫酸铁絮体过程次生矿物形成及镉迁移转化的影响

异化铁还原菌(Dissimilatory Iron Reducing Bacteria,DIRB)能够还原铁矿物,并对矿物中所含重金属的再分配产生深远影响.胞外聚合物(Extracellular Polymeric Substances,EPSs)是决定细胞体表微环境理化性质的关键组分,对金属迁移转化及矿物形成具有重要...     

不同粘土矿物材料对Pb2+的吸附特征

探讨了在不同矿物投加量、不同振荡时间、不同Pb2 浓度、不同矿物颗粒细度和不同pH条件下,钠基膨润土、膨胀蛭石和沸石3种粘土矿物对Pb2 的吸附效果.结果表明:对于具有可膨胀层间的粘土矿物而言,其对溶液中Pb2 的吸附量不仅仅由单一的阳离子交换量所决定;Pb2 在矿物表面的吸附过程是个迅速的过程,矿物对Pb2 的吸附在10 min内即可完成;粘土矿物不同颗粒细度对Pb2 的去除率有所不同,但考虑到实际应用中的成本问题,并非颗粒越细越好;就试验所采用的3种粘土矿物而言,其对Pb2 的吸附效果是,钠基膨润土和沸石明显优于膨胀蛭石;较高的pH有助于粘土矿物对溶液中Pb2 的吸附,但考虑到实际操作的其他因素,不能把pH调得过高.     

西藏廓琼岗日峰周边小冰期冰川与古气候重建

小冰期出现的寒冷气候波动,促使全球范围内多处冰川再次扩张。青藏高原上保留有丰富的小冰期冰川地貌证据,利用这些地貌证据模拟古冰川规模,并重建古气候,可为了解区域水资源储量演化以及古气候特征提供重要理论支撑。采用纵剖面模型定量重建西藏廓琼岗日峰周边7条山谷内小冰期冰川规模,计算古冰川面积范围约为0.90—4.15 km²,冰储量范围约为4.28×10⁷—2.85×10⁸ m³,各冰川平均冰厚值范围约在31.78—99.21 m。计算小冰期与现代冰川物质平衡线高度,得到小冰期冰川物质平衡线高度约在5613—5737 m,现代冰川物质平衡线高度约在5685—5822 m。根据平衡线高度平均上升55 m的变化,结合孢粉数据显示的小冰期与现代年降水量差异,采用P-T和LR模型重建古气候,结果表明小冰期夏季平均气温比现代低0.43—0.46 ℃。     

几种天然矿物去除苯酚效果及日光光解效应评价

本文以四种天然矿物为受试矿物,评价了它们去除苯酚的效果,以及日光光解效应及温度、pH值、矿物浓度、苯酚初始浓度对去除效果的影响 结果表明,锰砂对苯酚有很好的去除效果,其去除机制中日光光解效应约占6%左右.反应过程中有产物生成,溶液中有溶解Mn2+捡出,表明吸附后有降解趋势 高温、低pH值、高固相与苯酚的质量比有利于苯酚的去除.在所研究的时间段内,黄铁矿、尾矿砂、凹凸棒对苯酚去除均未见明显效果.