建设项目环境影响评价公众参与存在 的问题及其对策

公众参与是建设项目环境影响评价工作中的一项重要内容,直接涉及公众环境知情权和参与权,受到广泛关注。在分析当前建设项目环境影响评价公众参与中存在的影响有效性问题的基础上,提出了五个方面的针对性对策。     

A process model of employee engagement: The learning climate and its relationship with extra‐role performance behaviors

Employee engagement has recently been introduced as a concept advantageous to organizations. However, little is known about the value of employee engagement in explaining work performance behaviors compared with similar concepts. The learning climate, defined as the organization's beneficial activities in helping employees create, acquire, and transfer knowledge, has also been proposed as an antecedent of employee engagement. Using data from a sample of 625 employees and their supervisors in various occupations and organizations throughout Israel, we investigated employee engagement as a key mechanism for explaining the relationship between perceptions of the organization's learning climate and employees' proactivity, knowledge sharing, creativity, and adaptivity. We also tested whether employee engagement explained the relationship more thoroughly than similar concepts such as job satisfaction and job involvement. Multilevel regression analyses supported our hypotheses that employee engagement mediates the relationship between the perceived learning climate and these extra‐role behaviors. Moreover, engagement provides a more thorough explanation than job satisfaction or job involvement for these relationships. The implications for organizational theory, research, and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

One,two or three dimensions of work engagement? Testing the factorial validity of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale on a sample of Polish employees

Work engagement, as conceptualized by the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), is a work-related positive state of mind that is characterized by vigour, dedication and absorption; however, it still remains unclear how many dimensions work engagement comprises. This study tested the factorial validity of 11 different UWES factorial models that are available in the literature using a confirmatory factor analysis approach on a large sample of multi-occupational Polish employees (N?=?1420). The two-factor UWES-6, comprising vigour and dedication, was found to be reliable and remained invariant across samples drawn from four different organizational positions. It also presented a better fit than the three-factor UWES-9, which is a scale used as a standard in contemporary research on work engagement. The findings suggest that the three-factor UWES-9 might not be an optimal measure of work engagement in Poland.     

排污许可制度简论

从排污许可制度的概念和意义出发，论述国内外排污许可制度的特点和实施情况，通过类比找出我国排污许可制度存在的若干问题，并就如何完善我国的排污许可制度提出具体改进措施。     

Compliance with fixed-itinerary systems in water-based parks

A number of studies at land-based parks have indicated that trip information from permit itineraries does not always coincide with actual user behavior. To assess the effectiveness of the fixed-itinerary system at a water-based park, this study examined discrepancies between the itineraries recorded on permits and those reported by overnight users following their visits to Everglades National Park; it also assessed day visitors' reported use of backcountry campsites. Motorboaters were more likely to comply with their permit itinerary than canoeists (76% and 66% compliance rate, respectively). More than one-fourth of day users reported stopping at a backcountry campsite. Respondents reported that sharing campsites with noncomplying campers affected their backcountry experience in either a positive (3%), negative (11%), or neutral (9%) manner.     

青藏铁路野生动物通道有效性分析

青藏高原野生动物种类独特。青藏铁路的建设,人为阻断了野生动物的迁徙和转移路径,特别是阻断了国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物——藏羚每年大规模往返迁徙的路径。为了沟通被分割的高原生境和野生动物迁徙路径,青藏铁路全线设置了桥梁下方、缓坡平交和隧道上方三种类型33处野生动物通道。2004年-2007年对野生动物通道的监测数据表明,三种类型的通道对沿线野生动物种群交流均起到了积极的作用。藏羚等野生动物已逐步熟悉和利用通道,并且对其利用率逐年上升,监测中未发现有藏羚迁徙被铁路阻隔的现象。     

附条件承诺在合同订立中的效力--兼论《合同法》与《统一商法典》相关立法

根据传统民商法的要求,附有变更条件的承诺视为新的要约.但为了鼓励交易,有时附变更条件的承诺并不影响合同的成立.我国<合同法>与美国<统一商法典>对附条件承诺在合同订立中的效力有不同的规定.美商法典的做法颇值得借鉴.     

基于灰水足迹和熵值法的苏锡常地区水敏感性行业识别

水敏感性行业的识别对于行业整治和水环境保护具有重要指导意义.为了识别太湖流域的水敏感性重点行业,为进一步开展行业整治提供参考,基于全国排污许可证管理信息平台提供的企业排污数据,运用灰水足迹及其熵值法改进的核算方法,对太湖流域苏州、无锡、常州（苏锡常）三市主要制造业的污染物排放数据进行分析,结果表明：①在不同方法产生的排序结果中,纺织业的水敏感性始终占据第一位;②除纺织业外,还应重点关注以下几个水敏感性行业：化学原料和化学制品制造业、金属制品业以及造纸和纸制品业;③常州的黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业是其特色行业.对比于其他文献对于太湖流域重点行业的定义,本研究的排序结果比较相近,证明了方法的有效性.     

落实排污单位主体责任,全面推进排污许可制度改革——对《水污染防治行动计划》的解读

《水污染防治行动计划》提出要全面推行排污许可制度。文章指出法律约束力不强、制度定位不明确、许可量核定方法不统一是现行排污许可制度未发挥效用的主要原因,进而对许可条件、许可内容、许可量核定等关键问题进行了分析。根据前述分析,文章提出推进排污许可制度改革的建议,应当构建基于排污许可的点源污染管理体系,以排放量核算为重点,结合总量控制制度、排污权交易制度,强调落实排污单位主体责任,严格执法与处罚。     

以排污许可证制度为统领的环境管理概念重塑

分析现行环境管理制度体系中的问题,对排污许可证制度进行新的定位,提出排污许可证在环境管理体制改革中的主导作用,从依法管理、精细管理、整合管理、经济管理、一证管理等几个方面,确定排污许可证制度在环境管理中的地位、作用、内涵及改革思路。