开展持续清洁生产 确保环境和经济协调发展

辽阳石化分公司现有的装置排放的污染物种类多、浓度高,易对环境造成污染,因而推行清洁生产策略将为企业带来较好的效益。在2002年,该公司对污油装置、二氧化碳装置和双环装置实施了清洁生产方案。同时还通过完善各项规章制度,解决了开展清洁生产的资金和技术问题,分析了污染物产生的原因,制定了切实可行的改革方案。实施新方案后年创效益360万元以上。同时,装置的外排污水量同比减少了40.6%,污水处理费同比降低了48.5%,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

A neuro-fuzzy algorithm for assessment of health,safety, environment and ergonomics in a large petrochemical plant

Process plants such as petrochemical units have been continuously trying to improve Health, Safety, Environment and Ergonomics (HSEE) programs. This study proposes an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for assessment of HSEE programs in a petrochemical plant. The proposed neuro-fuzzy approach is applied to a set of operators in the petrochemical unit to show its applicability and superiority. To achieve the objectives of this study, standard questionnaires with respect to HSEE are completed by operators. The average results for each category of HSEE are used as inputs and accomplishment of HSEE programs is used as output for the algorithm. Moreover, this algorithm is used to rank operators performance with respect to HSEE. Finally, the algorithm identifies efficient operators with respect to HSEE. This is the first study that introduces an intelligence algorithm for assessment and improvement of HSEE program in a petrochemical plant.     

NCF生物团粒促生增活工艺研究

通过试验，揭示了生物团粒的结构性质，据此设计了应用生物团粒处理炼油厂废水的促生增活工艺。结果表明，该工艺具有促使生物繁殖，改善活性污泥性能的特点，可明显提高废水处理效果。     

石化废水回用工程方案设计初探

石化废水经处理后回用于循环冷却水补充水不仅能降低污染物的排放量,而且还能节省大量工业用水,具有较大的经济效益和环境效益.工程设计时针对进水水质特点及出水要求,对废水常规处理工艺及后续的深度处理工艺方案进行了比较选择,确定了一条合理的处理工艺路线.废水经合适的一级预处理、二级生化处理及三级深度处理后,大部分污染物质可以被去除,出水能够回用于循环冷却水的补充水.     

臭氧氧化水中石油类污染物的初步研究

对石油类污染物严重污染的某市水源地下水进行了臭氧净化技术的静态试验研究，通过臭氧对石油类污染物的氧化作用，结合紫外分光光度法测定油的吸收峰曲线和色－质联机结果的分析，初步研究了臭氧氧化水中石油类污染物的过程和途径。     

Risk-based quantitative method for determining blast-resistant and defense loads of petrochemical buildings

Petrochemical buildings are usually distributed near chemical installations and have a high risk of explosion because of the concentration of people. In order to effectively design and protect buildings against explosion, it is needed to determine the blast-resistant and defense loads reasonably. Based on the theory of risk, a triangular pyramid explosion risk model was established in this study, which combined the overpressure p, duration t, and frequency f of the explosion scene at the same time. The first principle of “acceptable cumulative frequency” and the key principle of “maximum explosion risk” were formulated. According to this method, the explosion risk of eight leakage units with 10 groups of leakage hole size and three dangerous wind directions were obtained. According to the cumulative explosion frequency curve and the explosion risk curve, blast-resistant and defense loads of the four walls were determined quantitatively. Among the four walls, the explosion overpressure were 44.0–74.5 kPa, and the corresponding duration were 34.1–39.1 ms. The cumulative explosion frequency were 2.11E−5 to 8.58E−5 times annually. The explosion risk value were 3.64E−3 to 5.35E−3 kPa·ms annually. The results indicated that it was of great importance for the calculation of the explosion risk to reasonably divide the leakage unit and determine the leakage frequency. The explosion scene and its frequency, the volume of the obstructed region, and the distance of the explosion source were the key variables that affected the explosive load. The final blast-resistant and defense load values were found in the case of the middle hole size leakage. Blast-resistant and defense loads not only met the risk acceptance standard but also considered the overpressure and the duration of explosion. At present, they have been extensively applied in the blast-resistant design and engineering transformation of buildings in SINOPEC.     

平板陶瓷膜深度处理石化废水试验研究

采用平板陶瓷膜中试装置处理石化废水,分析了处理效果与膜污染情况,获得了平板陶瓷膜稳定运行条件下的工艺参数。结果表明:在COD为50~100 mg/L、浊度为2~11 NTU的进水条件下,平板陶瓷膜出水COD与浊度分别为20~42 mg/L和0.05~0.2 NTU,与双层过滤器+中空纤维超滤工艺出水水质较为接近;在运行通量40 L/(m 2·h)、反洗周期45 min、反洗时间60 s的条件下,采用浓度为100~150 mg/L的次氯酸钠每7小时进行1次化学清洗,平板陶瓷膜系统运行较为稳定。     

石油化工流程的安全分析

通过对现代石化流程状态转移模式的分析， 建立了系统安全度分析模型，提出了改善系统安全状态的策略，并列举了用于催化裂化装置的结果     

Seaborne Petrochemical Spill Analysis Within the United States, 1992–1999

Through discussion of causative factors and examination of historical data, petrochemical spill prevention in US waters is reviewed. Unintentional petrochemical outflow is analyzed in a comprehensive manner and presented as a hierarchical sequence of antecedent events to reveal the trends of causative factors leading to release. Specifically, a seaborne petrochemical spill is examined in terms of four basic, antecedent events: (1) an underway source, (2) a failure incident, (3) a marine accident capable of breaching the hull and cargo block, and (4) the onset of outflow. These events are further subdivided into underlying, contributing events to form a causative framework for spill prevention. While a hierarchical review is not necessary to uncover the elements of causation, it does provide a comprehensive and logical structure that clearly defines these elements in terms of occurrence frequency and contribution to resulting outflow. It is found that relatively small, frequent spills less than 40,000 liters (10,567 gallons), attributable to human operator failures, leading to grounding, and cargo transfer system failure accidents, dominate US seaborne petrochemical outflow from 1992 to 1999. Given the frequency of groundings, structural reinforcement regulations such as those contained in the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (requiring double hulls) appear well justified. However, passive restraint systems are secondary to the need for vigilant training and licensing of tank vessel operators.     

石油石化应急管理工作的问卷调查研究与讨论

为分析石油石化企业应急管理工作中存在的矛盾问题,本文选取有代表性的24家企业作为调查对象,通过随机抽样方法选定620名员工的样本容量,设置企业应急管理中涉及的应急培训、应急处置卡、应急准备、应急资源等4方面15项代表性问题作为问卷调查内容；根据调查问卷结果及分析,提出企业在应急培训、处置、准备方面的薄弱环节以及不同企业和领导层间在应急管理中的差异性；根据分析结果,提出相关措施建议,为后续应急管理工作的改进完善提供决策支持。