高氨氮污水和高浓度有机废水综合治理

选用以曝气生物流化池(ABFT)技术为核心、辅助以物理化学方法的工业化技术,对兰州石化公司高氨氮污水和高浓度有机废水进行了处理。处理结果显示:外排废水监测项目中pH值、悬浮物、COD、BOD5、氨氮、石油类、硫化物、氰化物、挥发酚的平均浓度均低于污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)的一级标准,其中:氨氮值仅为0.412mg/L,COD值为63.87mg/L。对COD、氨氮、硫化物、挥发酚、悬浮物等的去除率达到90%以上,石油类和BOD5的去除率也达到75%以上,取得了良好的效果。     

高浓度ABS树脂生产污水治理技术

ABS树脂生产装置中的污水处理一直是影响化工装置环保的一大难题。一方面,其废水水质差,悬浮物含量高,且多为细微颗粒,难以从水中分离,进入生化系统也难以去除;另一方面,污水中溶解性胶乳较多、粘性大,且为间歇式排放,对污水处理系统冲击较大。大庆石化总厂采取完善生产工艺操作过程、采用高效净水剂、对处理设备进行改进及对生产全过程进行污染控制等措施,并分阶段、分单元、分步骤地对污染源进行处理。采取这些措施后使ABS树脂生产中的废水得到了有效治理,处理后的ABS污水中CODcr含量在1000mg/L以下,悬浮物含量在500mg/L以下,石油类物质含量在30mg/L以下。处理装置的能耗、物耗也大幅度降低。     

企业安全文化与HSE管理体系

从建立健康、安全与环境 (HSE)管理体系的基本思路、现状和发展趋势 ,以及中国石油化工集团公司HSE系列标准的内容、指导原则和建立HSE管理体系的理念等方面 ,阐述了HSE管理的建立、推行和发展的过程 ,HSE管理体系的建立和发展是石油石化企业在安全文化建设方面的重要成果。无论是安全管理的理念 ,或是生产经营活动都在不断创新和发展 ,都是培育和塑造中石化集团公司安全文化的具体体现。     

TRENDS IN FRESHWATER INFLOW TO SAN FRANCISCO BAY FROM TUE SACRAMENTO-SAN JOAQUIN DELTA1

ABSTRACT: Outflow from the Sacramento-San Joaquin river system (Delta outflow) provides about 90 percent of the freshwater flow to San Francisco Bay. Because this river system also supplies most of the water used in California, some believed that annual freshwater flow to the Bay had declined by as much as 50 to 60 percent as water use increased. Consequently, we studied trends in actual Delta outflow and precipitation for the period 1921 to 1986, which is when Delta outflow data are available. We found that there has been no decrease in the annual Delta outflow over this period. In fact, a statistically significant increase in annual Delta outflow of 87 cfa/yr has occurred during the period 1921 to 1986. One reason that Delta outflow has increased is because precipitation has increased faster than water use. Other contributing factors include increased runoff from land use changes, water imports from other areas, and the redistribution of ground water. In addition, statistically significant seasonal trends in Delta outflow were found. Over the period 1921–1986 Delta outflow decreased in April and May and increased from July through November. Changes in other months were not statistically significant. These seasonal changes result primarily from the operation of upstream flood control and water development projects, which store water in the spring and release it in the summer and fall. These seasonal changes are also influenced by a climatic shift that has decreased spring snowmelt runoff and increased late summer through winter precipitation.     

克拉玛依石化公司污水深度处理回用工程

克拉玛依石化公司将污水经深度处理后再回用于循环水补水,由国内几家污水深度处理技术比较成熟的设计单位进行了中试工作,采用了以混凝气浮、臭氧生物活性碳及钠滤除盐为核心的工艺路线。一年多的运行监测数据表明,克拉玛依石化公司污水经深度处理后,回用循环水系统的腐蚀率小于0.100mm/a,达到中国石油总公司《工业水管理》规定的控制指标。各流程单元设计针对性强,技术成熟,处理效果稳定可靠,符合炼油废水的水质特点。该工艺技术先进、运行可靠,具有工业化推广价值。     

甲醇装置杂醇油的回收利用

克拉玛依石化公司对年处理量为10000t的甲醇装置进行的现状分析表明,对其产生的杂醇油应进行回收和利用。在详细分析了我国杂醇油各种处理方法的基础上,提出利用MTBE装置的甲醇回收塔T203来回收杂醇油。该方案实施后,不仅回收并利用了精甲醇,而且减少了对环境的影响。若每年从300m3杂醇油中回收精甲醇约120t,按2000元/t市场价,产生经济效益约24万元,每年可节约经费近48万元,取得了良好的社会效益和经济效益。     

Development of a database for accidents and incidents in the Greek petrochemical industry

The present paper describes the development of a database that comprises all incidents from the Greek petrochemical industry for the period 1997–2003. This database includes industrial incidents, accidents, operational accidents and near misses from all petrochemical sites in Greece and Cyprus. The design of the database has been conceived in a user-friendly way with additional possibilities for its further use, such as: statistical analysis of the data, calculation of safety indicators, accident reports and human factors analysis. The database allows the various participating industries to compare the analysis of indicators in their own installations with the national average, as the database comprises data from the entire Greek petrochemical industry. Special care has been given to include data from near misses too.     

基于热成像技术的污水排放源识别研究

污水暗排口是一种较难监测的污染源.为了更好地探索监测这种污染源的方法,本研究以北京市城区积水潭处的护城河为对象,利用热成像技术对模拟污水暗排口进行了探测.结果表明,模拟污水与河道中的原水的温度分布存在显著差异,原水温度分布均匀,而模拟污水排入后水面温度呈辐射状同心圆分布,从红外图像上可以明确地把两种水体区分开来.实验还研究了在异质水体排入时水面红外图像特征随时间的变化情况.结果表明,在有异质水体排入时,图像中会出现温度异常的水域;随着异质水体的持续排入,温度异常水域开始逐渐扩大.研究结果为利用热成像技术遥感监测污水暗排口提供了依据.     

石化工业园区污水处理工程实例

田东石化工业园区污水处理工程设计规模为5000m3／a,采用水解酸化＋A／O工艺,该工艺对工业园区污水处理效果好,运行稳定。出水水质优于《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978—1996）一级标准,完全满足排入右江的要求。污水处理运行成本1．13元／m^3。     

An extension to Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis (FFTA) application in petrochemical process industry

Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is an established technique in risk management associated with identified hazards specific to focused fields. It is a comprehensive, structured and logical analysis method aimed at identifying and assessing hazards of complex systems. To conduct a quantitative FTA, it is essential to have sufficient data. By considering the fact that sufficient data is not always available, the FTA method can be adopted into the problems under fuzzy environment, so called as Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis (FFTA). This research extends FFTA methodology to petrochemical process industry in which fire, explosion and toxic gas releases are recognized as potential hazards. Specifically, the case study focuses on Deethanizer failure in petrochemical plant operations to demonstrate the proposed methodology. Consequently, the study has provided theoretical and practical values to challenge with operational data shortage in risk assessment.