赣东北万年地区变质岩地质特征及其地质意义

赣东北万年地区出露一套浅变质岩系，根据岩性组合特征、沉积构造及沉积环境分析、岩石地球化学、微古植物化石组合特征及区域对比，认为其与赣北双桥山群存在显著的区别，并对其进行了重新厘定，建立了相应的地层层序。通过综合研究认为本区出露的浅变质岩系之沉积构造环境为大陆岛弧-弧后盆地。其形成时代为中元古代蓟县纪晚期。     

生油岩五环芳烃的热演化及成熟度参数

塔里木盆地中生界生油岩中的五环芳烃化合物的热演化呈规律性变化。成熟度较低的样品中的含量较高，苯并芘和苯并荧蒽的含量较低。随着成熟度的增加，含量逐渐下降，而苯并芘和苯并荧蒽的含量不断增多，这表明两者的成因及其演化途径不同。前者可能为有机质早期演化的产物，而后者主要来自环化和芳构化作用。生油层剖面样品分析资料表明，苯并[e]芘／和（苯并[e]芘＋苯并[a]芘）／之比值是良好的成熟度参数，它们可指示生油岩成油高峰期。     

Decrease of Pb bioavailability in solis by addition of phosphate ions

Bioavailability of Pb in contaminated soils can be highly decreased by conversion of labile Pb species into pyromorphite Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl, induced by amendment with a phosphate source. However, PO₄ ³⁻ can be specifically adsorbed on goethite α-Fe(OH)₃ present in soils. We demonstrate that despite the stability of phosphate ions adsorbed on goethite surface, the reaction between goethite-adsorbed phosphates and aqueous lead in the presence of Cl⁻ results in crystallization of pyromorphite. Two morphological forms of pyromorphite formed on goethite were observed: 1) incrustations, indicating direct reaction of Pb and Cl ions with PO₄ ³⁻ adsorbed on goethite surface, and 2) aggregates of pyromorphite crystals indicating that the reaction with PO₄ ³⁻ ions took place in the volume of the solution. This suggests that precipitation of pyromorphite is faster than desorption of phosphates and that aqueous Pb may serve as a sink for phosphate ions by shifting the equilibrium and inducing PO₄ ³⁻ desorption.     

江西省食管癌与岩石类型

利用江西省大量岩石类型和食管癌死亡调查资料，对食管癌死亡率与人群生存区岩石类型的相关性进行了研究。结果表明，江西省食管癌死亡率与岩石类型密切相关。食管癌死亡率与变质岩、碳酸盐岩、第四系松散岩、红色碎屑岩呈正相关，与岩浆岩呈负相关，与碎屑岩相关不显著。     

降雨诱发含后缘裂缝岩质边坡失稳机制研究

为探讨降雨诱发边坡失稳机制,以突变理论为基础,综合考虑边坡滑体后缘裂缝静水压力、滑动面水压力和水致弱化的影响,推导了坡体突变失稳的力学判据。研究结果表明:降雨作用下岩质边坡失稳与后缘裂缝充水高度、水致弱化函数、滑体几何-力学参数有关;裂缝与滑动面导通后,坡体发生突变失稳的必要条件为水致弱化段长度远大于弹性段长度;裂缝充水高度d越大,水致弱化函数f(ω)越小,发生失稳可能性越大。     

特厚煤层巷道冲击特征及冲击危险性评价方法研究

通过研究特厚煤层巷道能量储存、应力分布及围岩强度特征,揭示了特厚煤层巷道与薄及中厚煤层相比具有储存能量多、应力影响范围广及围岩强度低的主要冲击特征。基于特厚煤层巷道冲击特征和冲击地压启动理论,提出了综合弹性能指数、应力比指数和冲击能量速度指数的冲击危险性评价多元指数法,建立了特厚煤层巷道冲击危险性的综合评价指标体系。将该评价指标体系应用于陕西某矿特厚煤层掘进期间巷道冲击危险性评价,根据评价结果对冲击地压危险区域采取了合理的卸压措施,保证了工作面的安全开采。     

隧道掘进爆破振动对围岩影响的HHT分析

为了探究隧道掘进爆破振动信号在围岩等级改变处的传播衰减特性,以新建铁路北京至沈阳客运专线（辽宁段）TJ-1标三棱山隧道为工程背景,采用理论分析与现场试验相结合的方法,基于TC-4850监测试验数据,对爆破质点振速时程曲线进行EMD分解和Hilbert变换。依据测点3个方向的边际谱和瞬时能量谱,分析爆破振动能量在时域和频域的分布规律,进而可以得出各频带的能量百分比以及总能量与距离的关系曲线。通过分析地震波信号沿隧道围岩传播衰减性质可以得出:爆破振动能量在频域上分布具有各向异性,而且在垂直方向上具有数量比例高、所占频带低的特点;隧道掘进爆破振动总能量在围岩等级改变处出现“断崖式”衰减,且在Ⅳ级围岩中相对衰减率更高,衰减更为迅速。     

滇东黔西松软煤岩三轴压缩力学特性及能量演化特征

为促进滇东黔西地区煤炭资源安全高效开发,开展了不同围压下的三轴压缩试验,研究了该地区松软煤岩的压缩力学特性及能量演化特征。研究结果表明:裂隙增大了松软煤岩差应力-应变曲线峰后下降的速率,差应力-体积应变曲线从峰前屈服阶段开始左拐,表现出扩容现象,达到峰值强度后扩容现象愈加明显;围压增强了煤岩承压能力,对煤岩压缩变形过程中径向变形的抑制作用明显;围压条件下,松软煤岩的抗压强度、破坏模式及破坏角均符合Coulomb强度准则;围压几乎不影响弹性能的增长速率,但提高了煤样储存弹性能的能力,受割理等裂隙影响,耗散能与围压无明确相关关系。     

井矿盐开发所致的辐射水平

本文报道了自贡市井矿盐开发所致的辐射水平。井矿盐开发的主要废弃物－卤泥中＾２３８Ｕ，＾２２６Ｒａ，＾２３２Ｔｈ的天然放射性核素比活度比四川省土壤中相应核素平均值高１－２个数量级，且造成卤泥堆积场和局部生产环境陆地γ辐射剂量率高出自贡市环境陆地γ辐射平均值的２．０－４８．３倍，最主超过１６５倍。部份卤泥和盐厂附近江河排放口底泥中天然放射性废物标准。     

Numerical simulations of pyrite oxidation and acid mine drainage in unsaturated waste rock piles

Numerical simulations of layered, sulphide-bearing unsaturated waste rock piles are presented to illustrate the effect of coupled processes on the generation of acid mine drainage (AMD). The conceptual 2D systems were simulated using the HYDRUS model for flow and the POLYMIN model for reactive transport. The simulations generated low-pH AMD which was buffered by sequential mineral dissolution and precipitation. Sulphide oxidation rates throughout the pile varied by about two orders of magnitude (0.004-0.4 kg m-3 year-1) due to small changes in moisture content and grain size. In the fine-grained layers, the high reactive surface area induced high oxidation rates, even though capillary forces kept the local moisture content relatively high. In waste rock piles with horizontal layers, most of the acidity discharged through vertical preferential flow channels while with inclined fine grained layers, capillary diversion channeled the AMD to the outer slope boundary, keeping the pile interior relatively dry. The simulation approach will be useful for helping evaluate design strategies for controlling AMD from waste rock.