正压呼吸器防尘系统在岩巷综掘工作面的应用

针对矿井岩巷综掘工作面产尘量大,常规降尘措施不理想,一般呼吸面罩无法有效降低工作面作业人员对粉尘吸收的问题,研制了正压呼吸器防尘系统,并在岩巷综掘工作面底抽巷进行了现场试验。试验结果表明:使用正压呼吸器防尘系统除尘效率达到了70.82%,不使用时除尘效率仅为42.01%,不仅有效降低了工作面的粉尘浓度,改善职工作业环境,而且保证了工作面作业人员对新鲜空气的需求,减少了粉尘对职工身体的危害。     

考虑孔隙瓦斯劣化作用的煤岩损伤本构模型

矿井瓦斯是煤岩体赋存环境因素之一,同时也是影响煤岩力学性质的主要因素,研究基于煤岩损伤统计特征及Drucker-Prager破坏准则,分析得出了煤岩单轴压缩载荷作用下损伤演化本构模型,基于煤岩弹性波速相关理论建立了孔隙瓦斯对煤岩力学性能劣化损伤力学模型,并在此基础上得出了考虑孔隙瓦斯劣化作用的煤岩损伤本构模型;以原煤及型煤试样为研究对象,开展了不同孔隙瓦斯压力条件下煤岩单轴压缩破坏实验,基于实验研究结果对模型进行了验证。研究结果表明所建立的模型可以很好的反映孔隙瓦斯作用下煤岩单轴压缩载荷条件下的应力-应变关系。     

辛置煤矿310轨道巷围岩破裂范围研究

辛置煤矿310轨道巷属于高应力软岩巷道,地质构造和岩层结构非常复杂多变。为了解该巷道的松动范围、塑性区分布和围岩破坏情况,采用U510非金属超声波检测仪,在辛置煤矿310轨道巷左右两帮合理布置检测点,进行现场松动圈测试。获得一系列测试结果,运用测试结果及围岩松动圈支护理论,可对310轨道巷支护提供理论依据。     

贵州草海水化学特征及离子来源分析

为明确草海水体化学的时空分布特征,揭示水-岩作用以及人类活动对水化学的影响,分别在枯水期和丰水期对草海湖水、河水及地下水进行系统采样,并通过Piper、Gibbs等水文地球化学方法分析水化学控制因素和主要离子来源.结果表明,草海水化学类型主要为HCO3-Ca和HCO3-SO4-Ca-Mg型.HCO3-、Ca2+为优势离...     

木浆造纸黑液活化磷矿矿浆生产普钙的研究

利用木浆造纸黑液活化磷矿矿浆,降低矿浆流动起点水分,既简化普钙生产流程,降低普钙生产成本,又能消除造纸黑液污染。试验结果表明：木浆造纸黑液活化磷矿矿浆最佳黑液投入量为0.027mL/g矿粉,当矿浆含水率控制在26％～28％之间时,矿浆粘度可降至0.70Pa·s以下,所生产的鲜钙能满足质量要求。为造纸黑液活化磷矿矿浆生产普钙提供了理论和技术依据     

Synthesis of porous iron hydroxy phosphate from phosphate residue and its application as a Fenton-like catalyst for dye degradation

Phosphate residue is a kind of hazardous solid waste and if not properly disposed of, could cause serious environmental contaminations. The abundant iron salt available in phosphate residue can be used to prepare photo-Fenton catalytic reagent for wastewater treatment. In this study, the phosphate residue was effectively purified by a hydrothermal recrystallization method, reaching an iron phosphate purity of 94.2%. The particles of iron phosphate were further processed with ball milling with th...     

三峡库区香溪河流域磷矿废石磷素释放特性研究

以三峡库区香溪河流域内所堆存的磷矿开采废石为研究对象,分别利用去离子水和人工配制的酸雨(pH=4.5)作为淋溶液,采用动态柱淋溶的试验方法,对比分析了磷矿废石在中性和酸性淋溶条件下的磷素释放特性.结果表明,在中性淋溶条件下,磷矿废石淋出液将长期处于弱碱性状态(pH=7.0~9.0),而在酸性淋溶条件下,淋出液pH值将在液固比(L/S)达到0.5mL/g后由弱碱性(pH=8.0~9.0)转变为弱酸性(pH=6.0~7.0);磷矿废石淋出液中的总磷(TP)浓度主要受淋溶环境pH值的影响,呈现出随液相pH减小而增大的趋势,而淋溶时间的增加不会对淋出液中的TP浓度形成稀释效应;当淋溶环境的pH值相对稳定时,磷矿废石将以稳定的溶解速率向液相中释放磷素;而当淋溶环境的pH值由弱碱性向酸性转变时将形成磷素加速释放期;无论是在自然淋溶条件还是在酸性淋溶条件下,磷矿废石淋出液中的TP浓度均超出超过GB 8978-1996中所规定的III类水域TP的排放限值(0.5mg/L),应将其视为II类工业固体废弃物进行相应的处置,以降低其对香溪河库湾的磷污染风险.     

Phosphate rock formation and marine phosphorus geochemistry: the deep time perspective

The role that phosphorite formation, the ultimate source rock for fertilizer phosphate reserves, plays in the marine phosphorus (P) cycle has long been debated. A shift has occurred from early models that evoked strikingly different oceanic P cycling during times of widespread phosphorite deposition to current thinking that phosphorite deposits may be lucky survivors of a series of inter-related tectonic, geochemical, sedimentological, and oceanic conditions. This paradigm shift has been facilitated by an awareness of the widespread nature of phosphogenesis—the formation of authigenic P-bearing minerals in marine sediments that contributes to phosphorite formation. This process occurs not just in continental margin sediments, but in deep sea oozes as well, and helps to clarify the driving forces behind phosphorite formation and links to marine P geochemistry.Two processes come into play to make phosphorite deposits: chemical dynamism and physical dynamism. Chemical dynamism involves the diagenetic release and subsequent concentration of P-bearing minerals particularly in horizons, controlled by a number of sedimentological and biogeochemical factors. Physical dynamism involves the reworking and sedimentary capping of P-rich sediments, which can either concentrate the relatively heavy and insoluble disseminated P-bearing minerals or provide an episodic change in sedimentology to concentrate chemically mobilized P. Both processes can result from along-margin current dynamics and/or sea level variations. Interestingly, net P accumulation rates are highest (i.e., the P removal pump is most efficient) when phosphorites are not forming. Both physical and chemical pathways involve processes not dominant in deep sea environments and in fact not often coincide in space and time even on continental margins, contributing to the rarity of high-quality phosphorite deposits and the limitation of phosphate rock reserves. This limitation is becoming critical, as the human demand for P far outstrips the geologic replacement for P and few prospects exist for new discoveries of phosphate rock.     

考虑初始宏细观缺陷的裂隙岩体损伤本构模型研究

针对传统岩石损伤本构模型因对初始状态损伤忽略的假定致使岩石损伤状态表达不足的问题,基于连续损伤力学原理,运用统计损伤学定义了表征含有初始宏细观缺陷的岩体损伤变量,引入表征岩体初始损伤状态的初始损伤系数k,优化了传统损伤本构模型,对建立的损伤演化本构模型和实测数据曲线进行对比分析。研究结果表明:优化后的本构模型对裂隙岩石全应力应变过程拟合精度更高,其损伤演变过程更符合实际,并能反映存在初始损伤的岩石力学特征差异,量化了初始孔隙、裂隙等宏细观损伤在应力环境中的耦合作用,对研究宏细观缺陷岩石损伤场-应力场耦合作用机制具有意义。     

基于区间方法的岩质边坡稳定性非概率可靠性分析

在综合分析岩土参数区间性的基础上,通过引入区间分析方法和非概率可靠性思想,建立岩质边坡稳定的非概率可靠性模型,并针对区间运算结果扩张问题,引入区间截断法和区间优化法,对边坡非概率可靠性指标进行较为精确的求解。然后,以湖北某岩质高边坡为实例,进一步探讨了岩体参数变异性对岩质边坡稳定的非概率可靠性指标的影响规律。