基于均生函数模型的冲击矿压电磁辐射预测研究及其应用

通过实验研究煤岩变形破裂过程电磁辐射信号的变化规律,表明非接触电磁辐射法能动态预测冲击矿压等煤岩动力灾害现象;在非接触电磁辐射法动态预测冲击矿压的实验研究基础上,提出一种新的动态时间序列预测模型——均生函数模型,利用电磁辐射监测仪测定的现场工作面电磁辐射信号时间数据序列,通过逐步回归筛选时间序列构造一个均生函数方程;利用该方程预测预报未来电磁辐射信号的发展,并与现场测定的实际值进行对比分析,以此来验证该预测模型的正确性。误差分析和实践结果表明:均生函数模型的预测值与实际测定值的相对误差最大为6.71%左右,且距平趋势正确率均达到了60%,证明该模型与电磁辐射预测方法的有机结合能有效地预测冲击矿压以及提高预测的准确性,为冲击矿压电磁辐射预测技术的研究提供了一种新的研究思路和方法。     

考虑刚度劣化的剪切带-围岩系统稳定性分析

峰后的刚度劣化现象(渐进损伤)在多种煤、岩石、混凝土、土和砂子的循环加载实验中已被观察到。本文考虑了剪切带及带外弹性体的不同的刚度劣化现象,推导了剪切带(断层)-弹性围岩系统在直剪条件下的应力—变形曲线。剪切带的刚度劣化不改变剪切带的总变形,但使剪切带的弹性变形增加、塑性变形降低。考虑弹性体的刚度劣化现象之后,系统的峰后应力—变形曲线呈现非线性特征,这不同于过去忽略刚度劣化现象的结果。在应变软化过程中,剪切带之外弹性体的刚度劣化,使系统的峰后响应由负斜率(Ⅰ类行为)变为正斜率(Ⅱ类变形行为)。较高的弹性体尺寸、较高的脆性、较小的内部长度、较低的围岩初始弹性模量、较高的抗剪强度、较低的残余剪切应力及较高的残余剪切弹性模量,使系统的峰后响应变得陡峭,甚至发生Ⅱ类行为,使系统的失稳(岩爆、冲击地压、采矿诱发地震或矿震)易于发生。     

不同变形失稳模式下隧道围岩稳定性判据研究的进展

计算机模拟隧道围岩失稳研究的困难在于失稳模型不清楚、失稳判据不明确。本文综合分析了目前国内外应用的隧道稳定性判别方法,总结了不同变形失稳机制下的计算模型及其量化的破坏判据,分析了各种方法的研究进展和存在局限,为围岩稳定性数值模拟提供快速、合理、可操作的判据。     

Extrapolating phosphorus production to estimate resource reserves

Various indicators of resource scarcity and methods for extrapolating resource availability are examined for phosphorus. These include resource lifetime, and trends in resource price, ore grade and discovery rates, and Hubbert curve extrapolation. Several of these indicate increasing scarcity of phosphate resources. Calculated resource lifetime is subject to a number of caveats such as unanticipated future changes in resource discovery, mining and beneficiation technology, population growth or per-capita demand. Thus it should be used only as a rough planning index or as a relative indicator of potential scarcity. This paper examines the uncertainty in one method for estimating available resources from historical production data. The confidence intervals for the parameters and predictions of the Hubbert curves are computed as they relate to the amount of information available. These show that Hubbert-type extrapolations are not robust for predicting the ultimately recoverable reserves or year of peak production of phosphate rock. Previous successes of the Hubbert curve are for cases in which there exist alternative resources, which is not the situation for phosphate. It is suggested that data other than historical production, such as population growth, identified resources and economic factors, should be included in making such forecasts.     

某高速公路花岗岩边坡稳定性评价及防护措施研究

花岗岩在我国分布广泛,完整新鲜的花岗岩具有良好的工程地质特性,但受到侵蚀、剥蚀、风化等作用的花岗岩体物理力学性质急剧降低,又会成为工程建设中较难处理的岩石之一。公路建设过程中,风化花岗岩边坡较为普遍。由于这类边坡的特殊岩体性质,在一定条件下容易发生失稳,对公路施工和运营都会造成严重危害。因此,研究这类边坡的变形破坏机制和失稳模式,对边坡的开挖和防治具有重要意义。文章通过对某高速公路一风化花岗岩边坡的现场工程地质勘察,在边坡岩体结构特征、变形破坏机制及失稳模式分析的基础上对边坡的整体稳定性做出了评价,进而对边坡开挖和防护提出有效建议,同时也可为同类风化花岗岩边坡的设计、施工提供理论上的参考。     

高陡岩质边坡抗震稳定性的三维有限元分析

岩质边坡在地震作用下稳定性的计算一般采用拟静力法和有限单元法,拟静力法因应用简便而得到大量应用,至今广泛应用于边坡的抗震计算。建立了某溢洪道引渠左侧整体边坡三维有限元模型,选用ADINA软件并采用拟静力法对三维模型进行了抗震稳定性计算和分析,结合有限元分析的结果,提出溢洪道引渠左侧整体边坡抗震措施和建议。     

Effect of fungicides on plant growth promoting activities of phosphate solubilizing Pseudomonasputida isolated from mustard (Brassica compestris) rhizosphere

This study was navigated to examine the effects of fungicide-stress on the activities of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonasputida with inherent phosphate solubilizing activity. The fungicide-tolerant and phosphate solubilizing P.putida strain PS9 was isolated from the mustard rhizosphere and tentatively identified following standard morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. To further consolidate the identity of the strain PS9, the 16S rDNA sequence analysis was performed. Following the BLAST program, the strain PS9 was identified as P.putida. In the presence of the varying concentrations (0-3200 μg mL⁻¹; at a two fold dilution interval) of four fungicides of different chemical families (tebuconazole, hexaconazole, metalaxyl and kitazin) amended in minimal salt agar medium, the P.putida strain PS9 showed a variable tolerance levels (1400-3200 μg mL⁻¹) against the tested fungicides. The strain PS9 produced plant-growth-promoting (PGP) substances in significant amount in the absence of fungicides. In general, fungicides applied at the recommended, two and three times of the recommended rates, decreased the PGP attributes of P.putida the strain PS9 and affected the PGP activities in concentration-dependent manner. Fungicides at the recommended dose had minor reducing effect while the doses higher than the recommended dose significantly reduced the PGP activities (phosphate solubilization, salicylic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy benzoic acid, and indole-3-acetic acid production except exo-polysaccharides, hydrogen cyanate and ammonia production). Of the four fungicides, tebuconazole generally, showed maximum toxicity to the PGP activities of the strain PS9. This study inferred that fungicides must be examined in vitro for their possible adverse effects on soil micro flora before their application in agricultural fields. Moreover, the results also suggested the prerequisite of application of fungicide-tolerant PGPR strains as bioinoculants so that their PGP activities may not be suppressed under fungicide stress.     

爆炸荷载作用下岩石的变形与破坏研究(Ⅰ)

无论是矿山工程、隧道工程中钻孔爆破效率的提高、工程爆破领域爆破振动参数的预测,还是最近一系列高技术常规局部战争中钻地炸弹对地下坚固目标的破坏,在不考虑岩石中强爆炸引起的光子和电磁辐射等极端效应情况下,都亟待要求对岩石中爆炸引起的应力、变形及其它运动参数和破坏效应作出比较准确的评估。目前对此问题的研究尚只能达到大致的机理及景象的定性认识和描述,定量上的确定存在数量级的误差,尤其是爆炸和冲击的近区,误差更大。其原因在于岩石中爆炸产生的变形和破坏特征,不仅与作用时发生相应的物理及力学运动密切相关,而且强烈地受岩石自身构造缺陷水平及其变化的制约。本文概述了爆炸作用下岩石的动力变形与破坏研究之现状。研究中考虑了岩石的构造特点及其对基本力学性状的影响,并简述了其研究的新趋向。     

地下水与优势结构面对库岸滑坡形成的联合效应——以龙羊峡近坝库岸滑坡为例

为了深入研究近坝库岸滑坡的形成机理,首先分析了区域地下水的溶蚀作用和动水压力作用,又运用综合评分法确定出了对滑坡形成有利的优势结构面,发现区域滑坡滑带的形成是地下水与优势结构面长期联合作用的结果。以龙羊峡滑坡为例,揭示了半成岩湖相地层中滑坡滑带独特的三段式结构特征,验证了地下水与优势结构面的联合效应对近坝库岸滑坡形成的控制作用。     

基于动-静应力耦合的深埋隧道岩爆灾害控制

岩爆灾害严重威胁着施工人员及设备的安全,影响施工进度,已经成为硬岩隧道勘测设计及施工组织中必须考虑的重要问题之一.到目前为止,岩爆控制领域已取得了若干重要进展,但这些进展主要是建立在岩石静力学理论基础之上的,据此提出的大部分措施的控制效果还不甚理想,与从根本上控制岩爆还有较大距离.完整硬脆性岩体、较高地应力和一次或多次动力干扰应该是岩爆发生的3个必要条件,岩爆控制应综合考虑动-静应力的耦合效应.基于动-静应力耦合的岩爆控制已经引起部分学者的关注并已取得一定进展,但还缺乏深入研究.开展基于动-静应力耦合的深埋长大隧洞岩爆灾害控制研究具有重要的理论意义和实用价值.