Environmental Pollution Due to Natural Factors: A Case Study in A Volcanic Area (Vulcano Island, Italy)

A major influence on the environment of active volcanic areas is expected from continuous input of chemical species pertaining to fumarolic activities occurring during inter-eruptive intervals.

The systematic investigations carried out during thirteen years in the island of Vulcano (Italy) showed also substantial contributions to phreatic waters and soils of minor constituents and trace metals from volcanic rocks with no negligible influence on growing crops.

Greater extents of these phenomena have been observed for products of hydromagmatic volcanic activity or of long-lasting weathering processes.     

离子色谱法测定降水中磷酸根离子

使用青岛普仁公司PIC-10离子色谱仪,测定降水中磷酸根离子,从样品的采集、实验条件选择、标准曲线绘制到方法精密度和准确度等分析,总结了淋洗液最佳流速和配比浓度,归纳了测定磷酸根离子的注意问题。     

考虑滑面贯通和退化的岩质边坡动力稳定性分析

本文在岩质边坡离散元模型中的岩石块体中设置虚拟节理,将滑动面切割为许多线段相连的直线段,使得模拟滑动面贯通破坏过程成为可能,进而改进了UDEC软件中的Mohr-Coulomb结构面接触模型,使其能够反映结构面在循环荷载下的退化效应。通过算例分析结果表明:考虑滑动面贯通过程的岩质边坡安全系数小于不考虑贯通过程的安全系数,且随着虚拟节理间距的减小,安全系数逐渐增大,最后趋于定值;考虑滑动面退化过程的岩质边坡的安全系数小于不考虑滑动面退化的安全系数,且随着滑动面抗损伤能力的下降,安全系数变小。     

赤平极射投影法在岩质边坡稳定性分析中的应用

赤平极射投影法在岩质边坡稳定性研究中,可以根据边坡的结构面的空间组合关系,做出边坡稳定性状态的初步评价,并进行边坡稳定性的分析计算。本文在万州九龙W2危岩体稳定性分析中,应用赤平极射投影法计算稳定性系数,并通过极限平衡法的计算验证,表明该方法是岩质边坡稳定性研究中的一个重要而有效的方法。     

滚石运动特征影响因素分析

随着我国经济建设的开展深入到山区,也遇到了山区特有的灾害,滚石就是其中一种.本文在野外试验的基础上,对滚石运动特征的影响因素进行了定性分析,并通过数据统计,运用灰色系统理论对滚石运动特征的影响因素进行了优势因素分析,即在传统定性分析的基础上进行了定量探讨,使人们对滚石运动特征影响因素的感性认识得到了定量验证,以为有针对...     

基于超前地质预报的隧道围岩动态分级预测方法探讨

在隧道工程中,较为准确地预测前方围岩级别,对调整支护结构以及确保施工安全顺利进行有着重要的意义.本文以椿树垭隧道工程为实例,采用公路隧道围岩分级方法,并结合TSP探测法、地质雷达法和工程地质推断法对隧道围岩进行了动态分级预测,结果表明:围岩动态分级预测所得结果与实际开挖情况较为吻合,能够有效地指导设计施工的顺利进行.     

Stage‐Discharge Relationships for U‐, A‐, and W‐Weirs in Un‐submerged Flow Conditions1

Thornton, Christopher I., Anthony M. Meneghetti, Kent Collins, Steven R. Abt, and S. Michael Scurlock, 2011. Stage‐Discharge Relationships for U‐, A‐, and W‐Weirs in Un‐submerged Flow Conditions. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(1):169‐178. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00501.x Abstract: Instream rock weirs are routinely placed into stream systems to provide grade control, reduce streambank erosion, provide energy dissipation, and allow fish passage. However, design and performance criteria for site specific applications are often anecdotal or qualitative in nature, and based upon the experience of the design team. A study was conducted to develop generic state‐discharge relationships for U‐, A‐, and W‐weirs. A laboratory testing program was performed in which scaled, near‐prototype U‐, A‐, and W‐rock weir structures were constructed in 11 configurations. Each configuration encompassed a unique weir shape, bed material, and/or bed slope. Thirty‐one tests were conducted in which each structure was subjected to a sequence of predetermined discharges that minimally included the equivalent of 1/3 bankfull, 2/3 bankfull, and bankfull conditions. All tests were performed in subcritical, un‐submerged flow conditions. Stage‐discharge relationships were developed using multivariant, power regression techniques for each of the U‐, A‐, and W‐rock weirs as a function of the effective weir length, flow depth, mean weir height, rock size, and discharge coefficient. Unique coefficient expressions were developed for each weir shape, and a single discharge coefficient was proposed applicable to the weirs for determining the channel stage‐discharge rating.     

Reuse of ornamental rock-cutting waste in aluminous porcelain

Large amounts of solid wastes are discarded in the ornamental rocks industry. This work investigates the incorporation of ornamental rock-cutting waste as a raw material into an aluminous porcelain body, replacing natural feldspar material by up to 35 wt.%. Formulations containing rock-cutting waste were pressed and sintered at 1350 °C. The porcelain pieces were tested to determine their properties (linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent density, mechanical strength, and electrical resistivity). Development of the microstructure was followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The results showed that ornamental rock-cutting waste could be used in aluminous porcelains, in the range up to 10 wt.%, as a partial replacement for traditional flux material, resulting in a valid route for management of this abundant waste.     

Concomitant rock phosphate dissolution and lead immobilization by phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Enterobacter sp.)

This paper examines the potential value of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae) in the dissolution of rock phosphate (RP) and subsequent immobilization of lead (Pb) in both bacterial growth medium and soils. Enterobacter sp. showed resistance to Pb and the bacterium solubilized 17.5% of RP in the growth medium. Enterobacter sp. did not enhance Pb immobilization in solution because of acidification of bacterial medium, thereby inhibiting the formation of P-induced Pb precipitation. However, in the case of soil, Enterobacter sp. increased Pb immobilization by 6.98, 25.6 and 32.0% with the RP level of 200, 800 and 1600 mg P/kg, respectively. The immobilization of Pb in Pb-spiked soils was attributed to pyromorphite formation as indicated by XRD analysis. Inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria with RP in soil can be used as an alternative technique to soluble P compounds which can cause eutrophication of surface water.     

深部软岩煤巷围岩变形分析与控制技术研究

根据深部软岩煤巷围岩力学性质,借助有限差分软件FLAC程序,模拟软岩煤巷开挖未支护巷道和U型钢支护巷道围岩变形破坏全过程,得到围岩应力场、位移场和塑性区变化规律。结果表明,解决底板问题是维护深部软岩煤巷整体稳定的关键,巷道底鼓与两帮收敛两者是相互关联的,提高围岩本身强度参数是围岩控制的重点。由此提出大刚度高阻力联合支护技术,即应用高阻力预应力锚杆进行锚网支护的基础上,以注浆加固和反底拱对底板进行控制,同时配合大刚度U型钢支护,适时实施围岩二次注浆加固及锚索加强支护,且将此技术应用于工程实践。