住宅建筑的日照环境分析

根据日照理论,分析了住宅建筑在无遮挡情况下的日照变化和有遮挡情况下不同布局、水平位置以及楼层对日照的影响.住宅建筑的日照环境分析对于在住宅小区的规划设计工作中、房地产公司向客户提供商品房日照指标等方面有着重要的意义.     

高层建筑承受纵向地震波时的安全核算构想

高层建筑可预期的灾变非至一端，这里仅探讨高层建筑的抗震性能问题。地震过程中楼体受到的是地震波和自身固有频率的共同作用，此时楼体是一个多维动态系统，其应力状态比传统方法所描述的力学模型要复杂行多。本文应用ANSYS三维仿真有限元软件，采用单点响应谱的方法，对楼体在纵向地震波作用下的应力状态和变形情况进行了分析。对楼体构件单元型式的选择、网格密度的确定、有限元模型的建立等也提出了自己的见解。在后处理中，用列表和图形的方式显示了楼体的位移和应用状态。     

生态建设产业化道路的再思考

分析了我国生态建设现状，困难和矛盾，剖析导致生态建设陷于困难的深刻原析，研究我国生态建设新动态，归纳总结出生态建设成功的条件，要素；指明和构建以市场化，企业化为核心的生态建设产业化道路。     

光催化氧化法的影响因素和发展趋势

概述了光催化氧化有机物的机理，讨论了影响其反应速率的诸多因素和如催化剂，光强，有机物浓度，ＰＨ值，温度，外加氧化剂和盐等，探讨了提高反应效率的途径，并指出了今后光催化氧化法在水处理中的应用与研究方向。     

飞机撞击引起爆炸-火灾后建筑坍塌过程模拟

为了解飞机撞击超高层建筑后致使建筑坍塌或倾倒过程,基于颗粒流理论进行了该过程模拟,包括飞机撞击、油箱爆炸、火灾和建筑坍塌过程。模拟分4个阶段:初始至撞击、撞击至油箱爆炸、爆炸至火灾、建筑坍塌至结束。引入了颗粒流爆炸模型和考虑钢混等效结构的火灾模型。分别在建筑高程250 m和100 m处实施了撞击模拟。结果表明,不同的撞击高度所造成的建筑破坏效果和过程有同有异。共同点是飞机的撞击并不是建筑破坏的直接原因。飞机油箱爆炸破坏了外围框架,也造成核心筒结构的损伤,因此爆炸是建筑破坏的起因。不同点是250 m撞击时爆炸引起的火灾加速了上部建筑的倾倒,但最终撞击处下部建筑结构仍完整,这个过程时间较长。100 m时火灾几乎未起到任何助力坍塌的作用,建筑便已经开始不可逆的坐塌过程,该过程时间较短。     

旧工业建筑再生利用项目施工安全的评价及改进

针对旧工业建筑再生利用项目施工过程中存在诸多安全隐患的问题,首先,结合此类项目遗留工业垃圾冗杂、施工场地狭窄、部分构件拆换、大型机械使用受限的施工特点从4MTE角度构建施工安全评价指标体系。然后,在考虑指标赋权的主客观综合性与评价工作的未确知性后,建立了基于结构熵权法与未确知测度理论的旧工业建筑再生利用项目施工安全评价模型,并通过工程实例验证该模型,得出的评价结果与实际情况相符。最后,结合未确知测度单因素指标测度函数的特点,提出了施工安全管理改进策略的制定方法。     

Optimized photocatalytic regeneration of adsorption-photocatalysis bifunctional composite saturated with Methyl Orange

Photo-responsive adsorption-photocatalysis nanocomposites are generally used in water and wastewater decontamination; however, the prolonged adsorption capacity of composites and the role of adsorption in concomitant photocatalysis are typically neglected. These composites can be regenerated under light irradiation as their adsorption capacity decreases. Herein, a novel adsorption-photocatalysis bifunctional nanocomposite, Bi-doped TiO₂ supported on powdered activated carbon (Bi₂O₃/TiO₂/PAC), was prepared using the sol-impregnation-hydrothermal procedure. Bi₂O₃/TiO₂/PAC with a secondary calcination temperature of 700°C under a nitrogen atmosphere was selected for maximum adsorption capacity on Methyl Orange (MO). The composite displayed an excellent adsorption capacity and was easily separated and recycled. The results demonstrate that 71.2% photocatalytic regeneration efficiency could be attained under visible light irradiation for 1 hr at an intensity of 750?W/m² and pH 7. Characterization of the as-prepared Bi₂O₃/TiO₂/PAC nanocomposite (700°C) indicates that it possesses a highly specific surface area and great optical properties, showing bifunctional adsorption-photocatalysis characteristics. The p-n heterojunction of the composite played a dominant role in the photocatalytic regeneration process, and effective degradation of MO could be achieved along with composite regeneration.     

北京市建筑类涂料VOCs排放清单编制技术方法及应用

掌握建筑类涂料挥发性有机物(VOCs)的排放特征是环境管理部门制定控制策略的前提.本研究基于实测获得建筑内外墙及防水涂料本地化排放因子,基于行业调研确定该类涂料活动水平获取途径,结合北京市建筑竣工面积,提出建筑类涂料VOCs排放清单编制方法,据此估算2015年北京市建筑内外墙及防水涂料的VOCs排放量,并分析其空间分布特征.结果表明:(1)北京市2015年建筑内外墙及防水涂料共排放VOCs约6 914.2 t·a~(-1),其中墙面涂料和防水涂料排放量分别为2 394.9 t·a~(-1)和4 519.3 t·a~(-1),分别占34.6%和65.4%;(2)在空间分布上,VOCs排放主要集中在城市发展新区及朝阳区,其中通州区最大,约占13.2%,昌平区、朝阳区次之,分别占11.8%和10.5%;(3)实施《室内装饰装修材料-内墙涂料中有害物质限量》(GB 18582-2008)及《建筑用外墙涂料中有害物质限量》(GB 24408-2009)等国家标准的管控情景下,2015年北京市建筑内外墙及防水涂料VOCs排放量相比于未管控情景下减少了8 954.2 t·a~(-1);(4)建筑类涂料VOCs含量限值进行管控能够有效控制VOCs的排放量,建议各地环境管理部门综合考虑行业技术发展水平和空气质量改善需求,适时制修订标准.     

Effect of sulfur source on photocatalytic degradation performance of CdS/MoS2 prepared with one-step hydrothermal synthesis

Cd S/Mo S_2,an extremely efficient photocatalyst,has been extensively used in hydrogen photoproduction and pollutant degradation.Cd S/Mo S_2can be synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal process.However,the effect of the sulfur source on the synthesis of Cd S/Mo S_2via one-step hydrothermal methods has seldom been investigated.We report herein a series of one-step hydrothermal preparations of Cd S/Mo S_2using three different sulfur sources:thioacetamide,L-cysteine,and thiourea.The results revealed that the sulfur source strongly affected the crystallization,morphology,elemental composition and ultraviolet(UV)–visible-light-absorption ability of the Cd S/Mo S_2.Among the investigated sulfur sources,thioacetamide provided the highest visible-light absorption ability for Cd S/Mo S_2,with the smallest average particle size and largest surface area,resulting in the highest efficiency in Methylene Blue(MB)degradation.The photocatalytic activity of Cd S/Mo S_2synthesized from the three sulfur sources can be arranged in the following order:thioacetamideL-cysteinethiourea.The reaction rate constants(k)for thioacetamide,L-cysteine,and thiourea were estimated to be 0.0197,0.0140,and 0.0084 min~(-1),respectively.However,thioacetamide may be limited in practical application in terms of its price and toxicity,while L-cysteine is relatively economical,less toxic and exhibited good photocatalytic degradation performance toward MB.