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421.
Oettlé N Arendse A Koelle B Van der Poll A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2004,99(1-3):115-125
Community knowledge exchanges have played a key role in developmental processes in the Suid Bokkeveld community of South Africa.
Two exchange visits were undertaken with the support of the Department of Agriculture and an NGO, the Environmental Monitoring
Group, which have led to local economic development and enhanced capacity to manage natural resources in a sustainable manner.
These pilot projects were undertaken within the framework of the Community Exchange and Training Programme of the Global Mechanism
of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). The methodology applied included facilitation to develop
a community-based vision for development, in terms of which the community exchange process was designed. A Facilitation Team
of service providers conducted preparatory workshops, and identified potential partner communities. Two exchange visits were
carried out, one focused on Rooibos production and marketing, and the other on community-based eco-tourism. Following report-back
and planning workshops, emerging community-driven initiatives were supported through their formative stages. The initiatives
have not only resulted in enhanced livelihoods, but the methodology has also been applied widely in a number of different
contexts. 相似文献
422.
Combating desertification requires the involvement of many people ranging from communities who experience the effects on a
daily basis and scientists attempting to understand the biophysical and socio-economic causes and consequences of desertification,
to developers and policy makers on all levels. In many instances, however, the understanding, approaches and actions of these
different groups contradict rather than support one another. Over the period 2000 to 2002, a conference process undertaken
in southern Africa brought together communities, scientists, and development workers to test the concept that they could connect
and work together to combat desertification, given an appropriate framework. The conference was a success, and communities,
scientists and developers did exchange experience, knowledge and information. Many lessons were learned, although some pitfalls
were experienced. Time, funding, enhanced communication, and good will are the primary ingredients for ensuring that different
sectors complement one another in their efforts to combat desertification. 相似文献
423.
实验室"三废"的处理方法 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
论述了含氰等7类实验室常见废弃物的处理方法,介绍了一种有机溶剂和3种贵重金属的回收与提纯,经防止实验室污染事故的发生。 相似文献
424.
425.
中国救灾物资代储点优化布局研究 总被引:13,自引:4,他引:13
优化国家救灾物资代储点布局的目标是要提高我国的自然灾害应急响应能力和救灾时效性.构建了自然灾害发生过程中交通应急响应能力的评价指标和模型,包括陆地综合通行能力指数、空运通达时间和陆地交通通达时间,编制了相应的数字地图.结果表明:全国陆地交通综合通行能力在地域上是不平衡的,东南地区远远大于西北地区,其中以环渤海、长三角、珠三角地区最大;从通达时间来看,要以现有的10个代储点为中心来覆盖全国,空运至少需要7h,陆地交通运输至少需要48h,这使得许多地区的交通应急响应能力因运输时间过长而降低.最后,提出了国家救灾物资代储点的优化布局方案,建议新增6个代储点,以此实现灾中空运3h,全国各地均可送达救灾物资;陆运6h,全国近90%的地区可送达救灾物资. 相似文献
426.
建筑材料火灾烟气减光性能的试验研究 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
笔者以木材、纺织品和塑料(聚苯乙烯) 3类材料作为高层建筑常用的可燃性建筑材料,对其在燃烧状态下释放的烟气进行了减光性能试验,研究了3种建筑材料在燃烧状态下,释放烟气的光学密度、减光系数、能见度及其相互关系,并建立了简明的函数关系式。通过试验,其结果表明,3种建筑材料释放烟气的光学密度随时间呈线性增长,烟场内疏散标志的能见度与烟气的减光系数、燃烧建材的性质、室内其他照明装置的开闭、疏散标志自身的亮度有关 相似文献
427.
氨联产甲醇物料的危险性辨识、评价及安全措施 总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1
氨联产甲醇生产法是生产甲醇的一种主要方法。甲醇生产中的物料都是比较危险的化学品,该类化学品易燃、易爆,容易使人中毒,如果管理不善,一旦发生意外,将造成巨大经济损失和重大人员伤亡。笔者按照OHSMS(职业安全健康管理体系)标准,对氨联产甲醇生产系统中生产过程物料和成品物料的危险性进行辨识和评价,提出了在氨联产甲醇生产系统中有关生产运行的安全管理控制措施,为氨联产甲醇生产系统的安全生产提供了切实可行的手段和途径,旨在提醒人们对氨联产甲醇生产系统的安全生产引起充分重视。 相似文献
428.
429.
Field experiments were carried out in the vicinity of anisolated building using open-path and point monitoring airpollution detectors to measure concentrations of a tracer gasreleased from a source located either on the building or at thedownwind face of the building. Experiments were conducted underneutral or slightly unstable weather conditions. Either threeor five fast-response point monitors were located along thebeam path of an open-path instrument, in the wake of thebuilding. Experiments were performed with different sourcelocations, detector locations and building orientations to thewind. Visual comparison of data time series showed that datafrom the two types of instruments followed similar trends. Thebest degree of correlation occurred for an averaging timesimilar to the response time of the open-path monitor. Meanconcentrations detected by the open-path instrument weregenerally in very good agreement with the path averaged meanconcentrations from the point monitors. The point monitors werealso capable of providing time-resolved data needed to describedetailed concentration fluctuation statistics. 相似文献
430.
王笑月 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2002,12(2):73-75
运用生产力标准这一马克思主义的基本观点来衡量和检验档案工作,是做好新时期档案工作的需要,也是使档案工作更好地服从和服务于经济建设的需要。 相似文献