建筑玻璃幕墙光反射影响评价探讨及防治对策研究

建筑玻璃幕墙光污染逐渐成为影响城市环境的一个重要方面,然而目前光污染影响评价方法还较缺乏,为此,本文介绍了国内较详细较完整的上海市建筑玻璃幕墙光反射影响评价体系,讨论了该建筑玻璃幕墙光反射影响评价方法存在的不足,提出了相应的修正建议,最后结合光反射形成的原因,讨论了建筑玻璃幕墙光反射影响的防治对策。     

超细颗粒通过建筑狭缝的传输特性

采用实验和数值模拟方法研究室外颗粒物通过建筑狭缝进入室内的渗透传输特性及其影响因素.利用快速迁移率粒径谱仪(fast mobility particle sizer,FMPS)测量两个实验舱的颗粒数量浓度从而得到颗粒穿透率,控制不同的狭缝尺寸及压差研究其对渗透过程的影响.数值模拟计算与实验结果进行了比较,趋势基本吻合.实验与模拟计算结果表明,当缝高为1 mm,小粒径颗粒穿透率较小,其主导影响因素为布朗扩散运动,随着颗粒粒径的增加,穿透率呈增加趋势.缝长越长,压差越小,颗粒穿透率就越小.模拟计算结果显示,缝高越小,颗粒穿透率就越小,其缝高占主导影响因素.当缝高为1 mm,粒径大于30nm的颗粒其穿透率接近于1,而当缝高减小到0.25 mm时,粒径在300 nm附近颗粒穿透率达到最高0.93,随粒径继续增加,颗粒穿透率呈减小趋势,重力沉降开始占主导因素.当缝高变化时,不同粒径颗粒沉降到壁面的主导因素随之变化.实验结果显示:在较低浓度一定范围内,颗粒数浓度对穿透率的影响较小.室内外颗粒数浓度I/O比值范围为0.69~0.73,相关系数R2为0.99,其线性相关性显著.狭缝直通道颗粒穿透率明显大于有拐角的通道.     

绿色能源技术在绿色建筑中的应用

在对国内外绿色建筑应用绿色能源研究成果的综合评述基础上,介绍了主要的绿色能源类型及其在绿色建筑实现节能减排上的作用,并对未来我国绿色建筑的发展提出了建议。     

MgO-based adsorbents for CO2 adsorption: Influence of structural and textural properties on the CO2 adsorption performance

A series of MgO-based adsorbents were prepared through solution–combustion synthesis and ball-milling process.The prepared MgO-based powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,N_2 physisorption measurements,and employed as potential adsorbents for CO_2 adsorption.The influence of structural and textural properties of these adsorbents over the CO_2 adsorption behaviour was also investigated.The results showed that MgO-based products prepared by solution–combustion and ball-milling processes,were highly porous,fluffy,nanocrystalline structures in nature,which are unique physico-chemical properties that significantly contribute to enhance their CO_2 adsorption.It was found that the MgO synthesized by solution combustion process,using a molar ratio of urea to magnesium nitrate(2:1),and treated by ball-milling during 2.5 hr(MgO-BM2.5h),exhibited the maximum CO_2 adsorption capacity of 1.611 mmol/g at 25℃ and 1 atm,mainly via chemisorption.The CO_2 adsorption behaviour on the MgO-based adsorbents was correlated to their improved specific surface area,total pore volume,pore size distribution and crystallinity.The reusability of synthesized MgO-BM2.5h was confirmed by five consecutive CO_2adsorption–desorption times,without any significant loss of performance,that supports the potential of MgO-based adsorbent.The results confirmed that the special features of MgO prepared by solution–combustion and treated by ball-milling during 2.5 hr are favorable to be used as effective MgO-based adsorbent in post-combustion CO_2 capture technologies.     

Selective oxidation of benzyl alcohols to benzoic acid catalyzed by eco-friendly cobalt thioporphyrazine catalyst supported on silica-coated magnetic nanospheres

A novel magnetically recoverable thioporphyrazine catalyst (CoPz(S-Bu)8/SiO2@Fe3O4) was prepared by immobilization of the cobalt octkis(butylthio) porphyrazine complex (CoPz(S-Bu)8) on silica-coated magnetic nanospheres (SiO2@Fe3O4). The composite CoPz(S-Bu)8/SiO2@Fe3O4 appeared to be an active catalyst in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol in aqueous solution using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidant under Xe-lamp irradiation, with 36.4% conversion of benzyl alcohol, about 99% selectivity for benzoic acid and turnover number (TON) of 61.7 at ambient temperature. The biomimetic catalyst CoPz(S-Bu)8 was supported on the magnetic carrier SiO2@Fe3O4 so as to suspend it in aqueous solution to react with substrates, utilizing its lipophilicity. Meanwhile the CoPz(S-Bu)8 can use its unique advantages to control the selectivity of photocatalytic oxidation without the substrate being subjected to deep oxidation. The influence of various reaction parameters on the conversion rate of benzyl alcohol and selectivity of benzoic acid was investigated in detail. Moreover, photocatalytic oxidation of substituted benzyl alcohols was obtained with high conversion and excellent selectivity, specifically conversion close to 70%, selectivity close to 100% and TON of 113.6 for para-position electron-donating groups. The selectivity and eco-friendliness of the biomimetic photocatalyst give it great potential for practical applications.     

Development of metal organic framework-199 immobilized zeolite foam for adsorption of common indoor VOCs

Reticulated foam shaped adsorbents are more efficient for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particularly from low VOC-concentration indoor air streams. In this study composite structure of zeolite and metal organic frameworks (MOFs), referred as ZMF, has been fabricated by immobilization of fine MOF-199 powder on foam shaped Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5) Zeolitic structure, referred as ZF. The ZMF possess a uniform and well-dispersed coating of MOF-199 on the porous framework of ZF. It shows higher surface area, pore volume, and VOCs adsorption capacity, as compared to ZF-structure. Post-fabrication changes in selective adsorption properties of ZMF were studied with three common indoor VOCs (benzene, n-hexane, and cyclohexane), using gravimetric adsorption technique. The adsorption capacity of ZMF with different VOCs follow the order of benzene > n-hexane > cyclohexane. In comparison with MOF-199 and ZF, the composite structure ZMF shows improvement in selectivity for benzene from other two VOCs. Further, improvement in efficiency and stability of prepared ZMF was found to be associated with its high MOF loading capacity and unique morphological and structural properties. The developed composite structure with improved VOCs removal and recyclability could be a promising material for small to limited scale air pollution treatment units.     

环境因素对长航时无人机机体结构复合材料的影响

从环境因素对复合材料作用和大展弦比结构影响等方面分析了长航时无人机机体结构复合材料在服役环境中的损伤。结合目前国内外研究现状,扼要叙述了环境因素对长航时无人机机体结构复合材料的影响研究领域当前的主要需求,提出了针对未来研究工作的若干建议。包括应以长航时无人机机体结构典型碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料和涂层体系为主要研究对象,开展跟随无人机的暴露试验和实验室模拟加速试验,研究复合材料在环境和载荷耦合作用下的力学性能变化,确定机体结构典型复合材料的损伤规律等。     

基于碳纤复合材料的可重复使用运载器静电防护研究

目的研究可重复使用运载器的静电防护方案。方法针对可重复使用运载器特点,以及飞行期间遭遇的空间静电放电环境,基于空间静电带电数学模型,计算出运载器表面材料带电离子的静电充电电位。在此基础上,分析复合材料静电特性,提出静电防护层与电气设备等电位共地方案。结果该方案采用碳纤维复合材料作为静电防护层,与大截面积的接地母线相连,为运载器电气设备提供低阻抗、大电荷容量的等电位地。结论该方案能够有效抵御静电产生的干扰,为运载器电子设备提供可靠、安全、抗干扰的电磁环境。另外,该方案工艺实现简单,大大减轻了运载器的设计质量。     

地表水中典型全氟化合物的污染特性及降解机理研究

全氟化合物(PFCs)因其在环境介质中的稳定性、持久性和生物累积性,引起全球的广泛研究.基于对地表水中全氟化合物污染分布特性相关资料的分析,得出地表水中全氟化合物主要以PFOS和PFOA的形式存在.文章阐述了紫外光催化降解地表水中典型全氟化合物过程中不同催化剂的降解机制.总结了光催化降解的一般过程以及不同研究方法的基础技术的优缺点,提出了作者对地表水中典型全氟化合物降解技术的发展方向的看法.     

建筑智能化对环境节能减排的影响分析研究

节能减排意识在智能建筑中体现不明显,造成资源浪费现象的发生.为解决上述问题,设计一种新型环境节能减排下,建筑智能集成系统.首先,分析建筑智能化环境节能减排技术,以此为基础,应用ISO手段完善系统集成技术,应用BAS和OAS构建集成模式,在BMS平台上完成集成系统的实现,实现建筑智能化对环境节能减排影响的分析.实验对比结果表明,采用该集成系统在智能建筑中更能体现节能减排意识,减少资源浪费现象的发生,可有效分析建筑智能化对环境节能减排方面的影响.