Growth and alkaline phosphatase activity of Chattonella marina and Heterosigma akashiwo in response to phosphorus limitation

The growth and alkaline phosphatase activity(APA) of two raphidophyceae species Chattonella marina and Heterosigma akashiwo were investigated in response to P-limitation and subsequent addition of dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP, Na H2PO4) and two dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP) compounds: guanosine 5-monophosphate(GMP) and triethyl phosphate(TEP). APA levels increased greatly after P-starvation as the decrease of the cellular phosphorus quotes(Qp). C. marina responded to P-limitation quickly and strongly, with 10-fold increase in APA within 24 hr after P-starvation. The larger difference between maximal and minimal QP values in C. marina indicated its high capacity in P storage. APA of H. akashiwo was maximally enlarged about 2.5 times at 48 hr of P-starvation. After the addition of nutrients, cell numbers of C. marina increased in all treatments including the P-free culture, demonstrating the higher endurance of C. marina to P-limitation. However, those of H. akashiwo increased only in DIP and GMP cultures. APA increased only after the addition of the monophosphate ester GMP. The results suggest that quick responses of C. marina to P-limitation, high capacity in P storage as well as endurance for P-depletion provide this species an ecological advantage in phytoplankton community competition under DIP-limited conditions.     

大庆龙凤湿地夏季浮游植物群落结构的初步研究

2012年夏季,对黑龙江省大庆龙凤湿地内浮游植物进行采样调查,共鉴定出藻类植物189个分类单位,包括179中9变种1变型,隶属于6门8纲16目33科67属。利用PRIMER5.0软件对各样点浮游植物群落进行聚类(CLUSTER)和MDS多维度分析以及生物环境(BIOENV)连接分析,结果推测湿地内水体受到了一定程度的污染,CODcr,CODmn,BOD,TN和TP为影响群落结构变化主要理化因子。     

应用浮游植物对扎龙自然保护区水质的初步评价

通过对扎龙自然保护区水体中浮游植物调查及运用几种评价公式分析,评价结论为:扎龙水体浮游植物由8门60个属组成,数量在19 515×10~2～23 755×10~3个/升之间;水质属中污染型,同一年度污染情况为:8月>6月,北区>南区。     

福建晋江水系浮游植物调查及水质状态的评价

2003年2~12月对福建晋江水系15个采样点的浮游植物群落季节性变动的生态特征,进行了种类组成、种群数量、优势种、污染指示种、水质等项目的调查研究。经鉴定晋江水系浮游植物共7个门类,73属,170种。藻量年均值达193.5×103个/升,晋江水系的浮游植物以硅藻门的种类占优势,表明晋江水系属于β_中污水体。并以这些参数对晋江水系的水质污染加以评价。     

Shine a light: Under-ice light and its ecological implications in a changing Arctic Ocean

The Arctic marine ecosystem is shaped by the seasonality of the solar cycle, spanning from 24-h light at the sea surface in summer to 24-h darkness in winter. The amount of light available for under-ice ecosystems is the result of different physical and biological processes that affect its path through atmosphere, snow, sea ice and water. In this article, we review the present state of knowledge of the abiotic (clouds, sea ice, snow, suspended matter) and biotic (sea ice algae and phytoplankton) controls on the underwater light field. We focus on how the available light affects the seasonal cycle of primary production (sympagic and pelagic) and discuss the sensitivity of ecosystems to changes in the light field based on model simulations. Lastly, we discuss predicted future changes in under-ice light as a consequence of climate change and their potential ecological implications, with the aim of providing a guide for future research.     

酸化水体中的藻类研究

为研究酸沉降对水生生态系统的影响,1991年至1992年间,对地处我国重酸雨区域的重庆市郊6个水体中的藻类进行了比较研究,结果表明,绿藻门的种类最多,占种类总数的50％以上,其次是蓝藻或硅藻。藻类的细胞密度、生物量和叶绿素ａ,在酸化水体中（pH值<5.0）分别为23.3～49.9万个/L,0.59～1.05mg/L和0.65～3.01mg/m3;在轻度酸化水体（6.0＞pH值＞5.0）分别为433.9～680.0万个/L,6.6～21.75mg/L和14.66～25.19mg/m3。三项指标均随水体酸度的增加而减少。酸化水体中的藻类生长潜力（AGP）很弱,低pH值和可给态磷的不足是造成AGP低的主要限制因素。     

江阴地区主要河道浮游藻类群落特征

2010年9月和2011年1月、4月、7月共4次对江阴6条主要河道的浮游藻类群落特征开展调查分析。共发现浮游藻类7门141属种,种类丰富度和现存量夏秋季高于秋冬季。优势种属呈季节性演替,即冬季梅尼小环藻(Cyclotellameneghiniana)、颗粒直链硅藻(Aulacoseira granulata)-春季梅尼小环藻、啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa)、裸藻属(Euglenaspp.)、衣藻属(Chlamydomonas spp.)、卵囊藻属(Oocystis spp.)-夏季巨颤藻(Oscillatoria princeps)、阿氏浮丝藻(Planktothrixagardhii)-秋季巨颤藻、阿氏浮丝藻、梅尼小环藻。南北向河道(锡澄运河、白屈港河和张家港河)的浮游藻类季节波动性大于东西向河道(应天河、东横河和西横河)。通过指示生物法,调查河道处于α,β-中污染状态。     

丙酮法和热乙醇法测定浮游植物叶绿素a的方法比对

将丙酮法和热乙醇法用于测定浮游植物叶绿素a,分析水样中是否加入碳酸镁、水样体积、萃取时间、萃取剂、破碎方法、离心时间、水样存放时间和滤膜样品存放时间等8个因素对测定的影响,并确定最佳试验条件。结果表明:2种方法的测定值之间有较好的线性关系,相比丙酮法,热乙醇法更具优势。     

Estrogenic activity in extracts and exudates of cyanobacteria and green algae

Here is presented some of the first information on interactions of compounds produced by cyanobacteria and green algae with estrogen receptor signaling. Estrogenic potency of aqueous extracts and exudates (culture spent media with extracellular products) of seven species of cyanobacteria (10 different laboratory strains) and two algal species were assessed by use of in vitro trans-activation assays. Compounds produced by cyanobacteria and algae, and in particular those excreted from the cells, were estrogenic. Most exudates were estrogenic with potencies expressed at 50% of the maximum response under control of the estrogen receptor ranging from 0.2 to 7.2 ng 17β-estradiol (E₂) equivalents (EEQ)/L. The greatest estrogenic potency was observed for exudates of Microcystis aerigunosa, a common species that forms water blooms. Aqueous extracts of both green algae, but only one species of cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon gracile) elicited significant estrogenicity with EEQ ranging from 15 to 280 ng 17β-estradiol (E₂)/g dry weight. Scenedesmus quadricauda exudates and extracts of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae were antagonistic to the ER when coexposed to E₂. The EEQ potency was not correlated with concentrations of cyanotoxins, such as microcystin and cylindrospermopsin, which suggests that the EEQ was comprised of other compounds. The study demonstrates some differences between the estrogenic potency of aqueous extracts prepared from the same species, but of different origin, while the effects of exudates were comparable within species. The observed estrogenic potencies are important namely in relation to the possible mass expansion of cyanobacteria and release of the active compounds into surrounding water.     

Cell size dependent toxicity thresholds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to natural and cultured phytoplankton populations

The toxicity of pyrene and phenanthrene to phytoplankton was studied by analyzing the effect on the growth, abundance and cell viability of cultured species and natural communities of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. A decrease in cell abundance, and growth rate was observed as concentration of PAHs increased, with catastrophic cell mortality induced at the highest PAH concentration tested. A strong positive linear relationship was observed between the LC50 (the PAH concentration at which cell population will decline by a half), and the species cell volume, for both phenanthrene and pyrene. Natural communities were however significantly more sensitive to PAHs than cultured phytoplankton, as indicated by the lower slope (e.g. 0.23 and 0.65, respectively, for pyrene) of the relationship LC50 vs. cell volume. The results highlight the importance of cell size in determining the phytoplankton sensitivity to PAHs identifying the communities from the oligotrophic ocean to be more vulnerable.