燃气加热炉火焰视频监控系统设计

为了持续监测燃气工业加热炉燃烧状况,保障锅炉运行安全,根据燃气火焰的特点,利用数字图像处理技术,设计了相应的燃气加热炉火焰视频监控系统。通过图像预处理、火焰特征提取、火焰特征分析三个步骤,可实现对炉膛火焰燃烧状态进行实时判定,包括火焰燃烧或熄灭、燃烧是否充分、是否稳定。仿真实验结果表明,该系统能准确地从监控视频中检测和识别火焰燃烧状态,并能将燃烧特征量和特征分析结果存储到数据库以供事后查询。     

基于光谱分析的生物结皮提取研究——以毛乌素沙地为例

利用典型地物高光谱数据和TM遥感影像,对毛乌素沙地处于旺盛生长期(7-9 月)的由苔藓结皮主导的生物结皮进行了提取研究.结果表明:① 苔藓结皮在生长期具有与绿色植物相似的光谱曲线变化趋势;红边参数显示,二者除红边位置非常接近外,红边振幅、红边宽度和红边面积差异均较大;在近红外区域,苔藓结皮比绿色植物的反射率低很多;苔藓结皮无明显的553 nm反射峰;低盖度苔藓结皮(33%)、藻类结皮和植被枯落物在整个波段光谱曲线比较接近,与裸沙相比,三者反射率均较低.② 基于TM影像,用生物结皮指数(BSCI)、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、监督分类和坡度分级相结合的方法提取生物结皮,发现苔藓结皮的像元面积为0.72×10⁴ km²,占研究区总面积的6.43%.     

潜叶虫潜道图像分析

为通过潜叶虫潜食叶片所留下的潜道分析其分类、行为和生态,应用Getdata图形数字化软件和R语言,提取线形潜道的数字化图像,并获得各种图像形状参数,如平均转角、转角集中度、分维D、直线度ST、蜿蜒度SN等.结果发现:大多数潜道的平均转角较小(不超过±25.0°),转角集中度较高(>0.600),说明潜食方向大多保持为前进方向;多数潜道的ST在0.010到0.300之间,数值极小,而SN一般都超过0.600,表明多数潜叶昆虫潜道的蜿蜒程度非常大;米楮上两种潜叶蛾的潜道形状参数如D和ST存在显著差异.     

影像纹理窗口大小对山地阔叶林不同群落有效叶面积指数估测的影响

森林叶面积指数是陆地表面过程和地球系统气候模型的基本参数,更是森林结构的关键参数之一,已广泛应用于辐射、植物光合作用和降雨截流估测等方面。论文以川西南山地阔叶林5种不同群落类型为研究对象,基于地面调查的112个20 m×20 m样地和SPOT 5数据,运用5种图像处理技术,包括光谱反射率、植被指数、影像单波段纹理、简单波段比纹理和主成分纹理,提取相应影像信息,建立多元回归模型估算有效叶面积指数（LAIe）。结果表明：光谱反射率、单波段纹理参数和植被指数对LAIe估测能力相对较低,利用植被指数仅获得实测LAIe约65%的精度（R²=0.65,RMSE=0.28 m²/m²）;更为有效的是运用所有比值处理的纹理特征参数值来估测LAIe,可获得实测LAIe约74%的变异（R² =0.74,RMSE=0.20 m²/m²）;改进最理想的是利用主成分处理建立的回归模型（R²=0.85,RMSE=0.10 m²/m²）。不同群落的LAIe估测,整体上相应地优于研究区结果,其中栲群落决定系数R²更是高达0.89（RMSE=0.07 m²/m²）。对于研究区阔叶林以窗口7×7、9×9比较成功,而各群落以窗口9×9较好。因此比值处理、主成分处理的纹理特征参数引入及高空间分辨率数据的使用,能显著提高LAIe估测精度。     

An Attempt at Preventing Asthenopia Among VDT Workers

We report the results of 3 surveys of visual display terminal (VDT) users who took a minibreak during which they viewed a stereoscopic image of a repeating parallel pattern showing planets. The single image stereogram method employed is called Stretch Eye^TM, and we evaluated the effects of Stretch Eye^TM on asthenopia. An accommodative relaxation of about 1 D was observed in participants while they were gazing at the image. The employees of 2 information technology companies were evaluated according to a visual analogue scale (VAS) for subjective symptoms of asthenopia and eyesight. The results showed that Stretch Eye^TM was effective in easing visual fatigue due to VDT work and it improved eyesight under working conditions.     

Place attachment and public acceptance of renewable energy: A tidal energy case study

Efforts by many governments to mitigate climate change by increasing deployment of renewable energy technologies have raised the importance of issues of public acceptance. The ‘NIMBY’ (Not In My Backyard) concept, although popular, has been critiqued as an appropriate and valid way to explain local opposition. This study applies an alternative approach, empirically investigating the role of place attachment and place-related symbolic meanings in explaining public responses to a tidal energy converter in Northern Ireland, said to be the first grid-connected device of its kind in the world. 271 residents in two nearby villages completed questionnaire surveys, three months post-installation, following up preliminary qualitative research using focus groups. Although results indicated predominantly positive and supportive responses to the project, manifest by emotional responses and levels of acceptance, significant differences between residents in each village were also observed. Contrasting patterns of association between place attachment and emotional responses suggest that the project enhanced rather than disrupted place attachments only in one of the two villages. In regression analyses, place attachment emerged as a significant, positive predictor of project acceptance in both places, affirming its value in explaining public response. Place-related symbolic meanings also emerged as significant, with contrasting sets of meanings proving significant in each context. Implications of the findings for research on place attachment and responses to land-use changes, as well as for developers seeking to engage with residents affected by energy projects are discussed.     

秦皇岛城市旅游广告的形象定位设计与发展趋势研究

以搜集、整合和分析国内外有关城市旅游广告理论研究资料为基础,从视觉形象设计入手,分析秦皇岛城市旅游广告形象设计问题现状和特点,提出秦皇岛在实施"旅游立市"发展战略中城市旅游广告的形象定位设计的传播策略。     

Investigation of the propensity of sulfide concentrates to spontaneous combustion in storage

Spontaneous combustion of sulfide concentrates can cause many serious problems during storage. In this study, two representative samples (sulfur-rich sulfide concentrate and iron-rich sulfide concentrate) were investigated for the self-heating behavior using the crossing-point temperature (CPT) method. The corresponding apparent activation energies were determined, 13.7366 kJ/mol for iron-rich sulfide concentrate and 21.3817 kJ/mol for sulfur-rich sulfide concentrate. Furthermore, the surface temperatures of sulfide concentrate stockpiles in different seasons were also measured by a thermal image apparatus. It was found the temperature for iron-rich sulfide concentrate stockpile was higher than that for rich-sulfur sulfide concentrate stockpile. These research results show iron-rich sulfide concentrate exhibits stronger propensity to spontaneous combustion than sulfur-rich sulfide concentrate. Particular attention should be paid to the fire hazard of iron-rich sulfide concentrate in daily safety check work. The combination of the CPT method with the infrared thermal image measurement provides a new approach for the risk assessment on the propensity of sulfide concentrates to spontaneous combustion during the production, storage and transportation. The useful data and experience achieved in this investigation can be also referenced in similar cases later.     

Urban sustainability science: prospects for innovations through a system’s perspective,relational and transformations’ approaches: This article belongs to Ambio’s 50th Anniversary Collection. Theme: Urbanization

In this perspective, we present how three initial landmark papers on urban sustainability research contributed to the larger sustainability science scholarship and paved the way for the continued development of urban sustainability research. Based on this, we propose three conceptual innovation pathways to trace the progression of urban sustainability science: First, urban sustainability from a system’s perspective, meaning that urban sustainability requires integrative solutions to work in the tripled social-ecological-technological system setting. Second, urban sustainability from a (people and place) relational perspective, meaning urban sustainability is a contested and dynamic social-ecological contract of cities. As a governance mission, urban sustainability requires evidence from research that can inform coordinated action to bridge people, places, meanings, visions and ecosystems. Third, urban sustainability from a transformative science perspective, meaning that for urban sustainability to be achieved and progressed, deep transformations are required in systems, relations, policies and governance approaches. Our proposal for the future of urban sustainability science centres on emphasizing the relevance and policy applicability of systems’ thinking, value and place thinking and transitions/transformations thinking as fundamental to how knowledge is co-produced by research science, policy and society and becomes actionable.