Sustainability in context: An Australian perspective

This article examines the concept of sustainability (sustainable development, sustainable societies) with a view to providing a means of considering the idea in such a way as to be more useful to concerns of policy. A brief background is given, covering the historical development of the concept, the constituent ecological and social concerns that lie behind it, and some aspects of the sustainability debate in Australia. Some attributes of a sustainable future, as evident from the literature, are listed. The value base of the concept is recognized, and the correct place for sustainability concerns is identified within a simple policy-making model. The complexity of such a model in the real world is explored using a list of thecontexts of sustainability, illustrated with examples from Australian natural resource management. Finally, the more dynamic and flexible nature of patterns of production and consumption in more sustainable societies is recognized and explained, as are two guiding directives to be applied in the search for models which display characteristics of sustainability.     

环保产业 亟待整顿

环保产业存在政策不完善、结构不合理、市场混乱、技术含量不高、企业规模效益低下等诸多问题。环保产业健康发展应结合市场经济体制改革,制定和完善产业政策,合理布局产业结构,培育和调控环保产业市场,提高环保产业技术水平和企业规模经济效益,以利于健康、协调、持续和稳定发展。     

On integration of policies for climate and global change

Currently envisaged mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions will be insufficient to appreciably limit climate change and its impacts. Adaptation holds the promise of ameliorating the impacts on a small subset of systems being affected. There is no question that both will be needed. However, climate change is only part of a broader multi-stress setting of global through to local changes. Privileging climate related policies over other concerns leads to tragic outcomes. Climate policies need to be designed for and integrated into this broader and challenging context. This paper focuses on placing climate change within the broader context of global change and the importance of aligning climate policy objectives with the myriad other policies that still need to be implemented if our primary goal is improving human welfare rather than limiting our focus to climate change and its impacts.     

英国“洁净技术”政策及其启示

指明了“洁净技术”的合理含义 ,阐述了英国“洁净技术”的内容和政府主要部的研究项目 ,介绍了近年来英国新的重点研究领域与政府支持“洁净技术”的政策措施 ,讨论了英国“洁净技术”政策的意义 ,及其对我国“洁净技术”开发和应用的启示     

21世纪环境决策必须应对城市化的挑战

1　全球城市化发展趋势随着人类文明的进步、社会生产技术和组织形式的发展以及居住方式的变化 ,城市作为人类居住的载体 ,不断处于变化之中。在发展变化过程中 ,古老的农村文化逐步让位于新兴的城市文明 ,传统的男耕女织农业生产逐步被现代的机械化工业生产取代 ,小桥流水人家的村庄逐步为车水马龙的城市淹没。 2 0 0 0年是极不寻常的一年 ,对人类发展的历史来说标志着新世纪和新千年的开始 ,对世界城市化过程来说标志着世界开始进入城市化的时代 ,一半以上人居住在城市 ,城市人口达到 30亿。在这样的背景条件下 ,世界城市化的趋势将会出现…     

绿色贸易壁垒与中国出口贸易

介绍绿色贸易壁垒的主要内容，分析绿色贸易壁垒对中国出口贸易的影响，并提出了一系列的对应策略与措施。     

Effect of Weekend Road Traffic on the Use of Space by Raptors

Abstract:  The traffic load near large cities may show dramatic cyclical changes induced by weekend tourism, and this could induce cyclical changes in the activity patterns of wildlife. We studied a 19-km-long section of a road that crossed a high-use raptor area near a large city in Spain. We observed 18 raptor species along this segment of the road, including some threatened species, such as the Spanish Imperial Eagle ( Aquila adalberti ). The number of cars increased dramatically on Saturdays and Sundays, so we assessed the effect of varying traffic loads on raptor behavior by recording all birds of prey as close or distant to the road during working days and weekend days. On weekends, the occurrence of Spanish Imperial Eagles and vultures decreased near the road. The occurrence of other species did not change between working days and weekend days. The activity decrease on weekends by Imperial Eagles and other large raptors suggests that there are weekly cycles in raptor activity. Weekly cycles in wildlife caused by human activity are a source of concern in conservation biology.     

明确指导方针建立市场化机制推进环境保护与经济建设双赢

总述了“九五”期间我国环境保护主要成就,并明确指出“十五”期间环境保护的指导方针,指出为实现“十五”环境保护目标,推进环境保护与经济建设双赢,必须建立面向市场的环境保护机制,依靠科技创新,发展绿色经济。     

A Blueprint for the Oceans: Implications of Two National Commission Reports for Conservation Practitioners

Abstract:  In the first comprehensive reviews since 1969, two high-level reports on the status of U.S. marine ecosystems and resources have been released: that of the nongovernmental Pew Oceans Commission in 2003 and that of the congressionally mandated U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy in 2004 . Although the two commissions differed in the breadth and depth of their mandates, their findings on the state of our oceans and need for new management approaches are similar, and their major recommendations for science, governance, management and conservation, and education echo and reinforce each other. The history behind the two commissions and the structure and objectives of each remind us of the crucial roles conservation practitioners and scientists must play in the implementation of report recommendations. The reports suggest priorities for conservation practitioners to improve science, management, conservation, governance, and education to better manage and protect ocean resources and ecosystems. To redirect activities affecting the state of global marine resources, integrated research; education and outreach by terrestrial, aquatic, and marine conservation practitioners; and a clear definition of their roles in the implementation of recommendations is essential. Marine ecosystems provide a test case of society's ability to manage complexity in human and natural systems in an integrated manner, with extensive opportunities for participation by conservation practitioners from all disciplines.     

多硫化钙对铬污染土壤处理效果的长期稳定性研究

稳定化修复技术逐渐成为我国现阶段重金属污染土壤修复的主要技术,其修复后验收主要通过分析土壤重金属的浸出浓度来评价修复效果,然而该验收指标未反映土壤重金属在不同情景下的长期稳定性.本研究以经稳定化药剂多硫化钙(CPS)处理前后的某电镀厂铬(Cr)污染土壤为对象,开展多pH浸出、模拟酸雨淋溶、冻融循环和干湿交替作用下土壤重金属Cr的长期稳定性研究.结果表明:在多pH浸出实验中,稳定化处理后达标土壤(CPS-D-3)在pH大于6.92时,Cr(Ⅵ)浸出浓度大于0.05 mg·L~(-1).在整个试验模拟酸雨淋溶作用的过程中(30年),稳定化处理可以有效抑制Cr向环境中释放,CPS-D-3中的总Cr和Cr(Ⅵ)的累积释放量比未经稳定化处理的Cr污染土壤(CPS-D-1)分别显著减少了91.86%和99.61%.在冻融循环的过程中,稳定化处理可有效降低土壤中浸出总Cr的含量.经过15次干湿交替后CPS-D-1和CPS-D-3分别比未经过干湿交替作用时浸出总Cr浓度减少了99.96%和96.88%.多pH浸出试验可以作为检验土壤安全的较为敏感的指标,冻融循环、模拟酸雨淋溶和干湿交替评估方法可协助评价重金属的长期稳定性.