污染源在线监测及运营管理存在的问题分析

结合大连市污染源在线监测系统建设实例,介绍了固定污染源在线监测组成及其分析仪器设备运行管理方式;通过在线监测与手工检测数据比对,验证在线监测的可行性;研究系统在建设和实际运行中存在的监测条件和环境不规范及在线监测数据传输的不稳定性等为环境保护的自动化污染源监测全面实施起到借鉴作用。     

地下车库汽车废气污染状况调查

以上海市静安区两个宾馆的地下车主为研究对象，并以该区某地下会堂为对照，调查了地下车库中废气污染状况，结果表明，废气中ＣＯ，Ｐｂ浓度明显超标，且与对照无明显差别（Ｐ〉０．０５），环境小气候，除风速外地下车库与会堂的气温，湿度无显著性差异，结合是地下为受汽车废气污染相当严重，应充分引起重视，为减轻下车库环境污染，须进行合理设计。     

浅谈条子河、招苏台河水污染给昌图县人畜饮水带来的危害

大量污水的排入造成整个水系水体受到严重的污染,同时渗入地下污染了地下水,造成地下水铁锰含量、细菌总数严重超标。河水的污染,不仅使沿岸农村饮水和农田灌溉受到极大的危害,而且也不利于人类的生产生活条件的改善。     

排污许可量核算方法与体系研究——以沈阳市为例

为给沈阳市排污许可证发放与管理提供技术支持,提出了产排污系数法、标准限值法、物料衡算法、环评资料复用法、实测法结合应用的核算方法作为沈阳市排污许可证量核算方法,并对核算方法的使用条件及核算结果进行技术分析,为环境保护部门"一证式"管理提供了科学的执法依据,为企业按证排污提供技术指导。     

淮河/太湖流域水污染防治监管机制的公众调查研究

在淮河/太湖流域选择有代表性的44个市(县),开展了水污染防治监管机制的公众意见调查。结果表明:全民监管机制的缺乏是影响太湖/淮河防治计划全面落实的主要因素,加强水污染监管体制建设,形成"部门齐抓共管、环保统一监管、企业具体治理、新闻舆论监督、公众积极参与"的流域水环境监管机制,是有效防治淮河/太湖流域水环境污染、促进流域经济与社会协调发展的重要保障。     

浅谈污染源普查成果如何在环境监察工作中应用

第一次全国污染源普查,在国务院的领导下,历时一年,已基本结束。此次污染源普查获得了大量珍贵的污染源基础性数据,合理开发这些基础数据,对提高环境监察工作、加强污染源管理有着不可估量的作用。结合林甸县环境监察工作任务、职责,阐述了利用普查成果,可对环境监察工作的开展起到促进作用。     

对构建水污染防治社会共治体系的分析与探讨——对《水污染防治行动计划》的解读

文章针对我国目前环境管理中存在的政府管理不到位、企业治污不履责和公众参与不够的问题,从政府、公众和企业方面梳理了国外水污染防治社会共治方面的主要经验,指出了我国水污染防治社会共治的重点,即明确政府责任、落实企业排污责任、构建全民行动格局。     

Leaching and degradation of 21 pesticides in a full-scale model biobed

Filling and cleaning of pesticide sprayers presents a potential risk of pollution of soil and water. Three different solutions for handling sprayers have been suggested: Filling and cleaning in the field, filling and cleaning on hard surfaces with collection of the waste water, and filling and cleaning on a biobed, which is an excavation lined with clay and filled with a mixture of chopped straw, sphagnum and soil with turf on top, and with increased sorption capacity and microbial activity for degradation of the pesticides. In the present study the degradation and leaching of 21 pesticides (5 g of each) was followed in an established full-scale model biobed. Percolate was collected and analysed for pesticide residues, and the biobed material was sampled at three different depths and analysed by liquid chromatography double mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS). During the total study period of 563 days, no traces of 10 out of 21 applied pesticides were detected in the percolate (detection limits between 0.02 and 0.9 μg l⁻¹) and three pesticides were only detected once and at concentrations below 2 μg l⁻¹. During the first 198 days before second application, 14% of the applied herbicide bentazone was detected in the leachate with maximum and mean concentrations of 445 and 172 μg l⁻¹, respectively. About 2% of the initial mecoprop and fluazifop dose was detected in the percolate, with mean concentrations of 23 μg l⁻¹, while MCPA and dimethoate had mean concentrations of 3.5 and 4.7 μg l⁻¹, respectively. Leachate concentrations for the remaining pesticides were generally below the detection limit (0.02–0.9 μg l⁻¹, below 1% of applied). Sorption studies of five pesticides showed that compounds with a low K_d value appeared in the leachate. After 169 days, all pesticides in the biobed profile were degraded to a level below 50% of the calculated initial dose. Pesticides with K_oc values above 100 were primarily found in the uppermost 10 cm and degraded slowest due to the low bioavailability. The 11 most degradable pesticides were all degraded such that less than 3% remained in the biobed after 169 days.

Following second pesticide application of the biobed, leachate was sampled 215 and 365 days after the treatment. This showed the same pesticides to be leached out and at concentrations comparable to those of the first treatment. The same pesticides as after the first treatment were retained in the biobed.     

Distribution,enrichment mechanism and risk assessment for fluoride in groundwater: a case study of Mihe-Weihe River Basin,China

● High fluorine is mainly HCO₃·Cl-Na and HCO₃-Na type. ● F⁻ decreases with the increase of depth to water table. ● High fluoride is mainly affected by fluorine-containing minerals and weak alkaline. ● Fluorine pollution is mainly in the north near Laizhou Bay (wet season > dry season). ● Groundwater samples have a high F⁻ health risk (children > adults). Due to the unclear distribution characteristics and causes of fluoride in groundwater of Mihe-Weihe River Basin (China), there is a higher risk for the future development and utilization of groundwater. Therefore, based on the systematic sampling and analysis, the distribution features and enrichment mechanism for fluoride in groundwater were studied by the graphic method, hydrogeochemical modeling, the proportionality factor between conventional ions and factor analysis. The results show that the fluorine content in groundwater is generally on the high side, with a large area of medium-fluorine water (0.5–1.0 mg/L), and high-fluorine water is chiefly in the interfluvial lowlands and alluvial-marine plain, which mainly contains HCO₃·Cl-Na- and HCO₃-Na-type water. The vertical zonation characteristics of the fluorine content decrease with increasing depth to the water table. The high flouride groundwater during the wet season is chiefly controlled by the weathering and dissolution of fluorine-containing minerals, as well as the influence of rock weathering, evaporation and concentration. The weak alkaline environment that is rich in sodium and poor in calcium during the dry season is the main reason for the enrichment of fluorine. Finally, an integrated assessment model is established using rough set theory and an improved matter element extension model, and the level of groundwater pollution caused by fluoride in the Mihe-Weihe River Basin during the wet and dry seasons in the Shandong Peninsula is defined to show the necessity for local management measures to reduce the potential risks caused by groundwater quality.     

黑臭河道底泥特征分析及处理工艺筛选

以深圳市前海片区代表性河道黑臭底泥为研究对象,对其p H值、含水率、有机质、氮磷含量、重金属含量及粒径进行分析。结果表明,黑臭底泥主要为呈碱性的无机砂质成分,有机质含量低,重金属含量虽高但分布稳定。根据其特性,最终确定其主要处置方式为疏浚后机械脱水。