论水污染物排放统计指标体系

水污染物排放统计指标体系包括水污染物排放统计指标以及排放管理指标,统计对象主要是规模以上点源。实施统计的污染源的规模应当是全国统一的。统计指标区分为指标、主要参数和辅助参数,既便于理解也便于管理;将排放指标细化为污染源排放量、入河排放量和通量使得排放概念更加清晰,有利于水环境管理。对入河排放量和污染源排放量的比较,可以确定纳入统计范围的污染源的代表性,对通量和入河排放量的比较可以推断非点源污染物排放状况。以流域为单元的,以通量、入河排放量和污染源排放量为主要概念的排放统计管理方式,有助于提高流域水污染防治的确定性和一致性。     

The precautionary principle stimulus for solutions- and alternatives-based environmental policy

The precautionary principle is increasingly discussed in debates over appropriate measures to address complex and uncertain risks. The principle has generally been defined as having two main components: preventive action in the face of uncertainty and reversing the burden of proof. In isolation, these two components would suggest that precaution is primarily reactive to potential problems rather than proactive. More recent statements have suggested that thorough assessment of alternatives is critical to the effective implementation of the precautionary principle. Alternatives assessment—also referred to as options analysis and facility planning—redirects environmental science and policy debates from characterizing problems to identifying solutions. In this commentary, we examine the rationale for a focus on alternatives assessment in implementing the precautionary principle. We examine methods and examples of alternatives assessment, as well as opportunities for the principle's integration in environmental policy. We argue that a greater focus on alternatives assessment can enhance the ability of decision makers to make truly precautionary decisions, stimulate innovation toward sustainable production, and more effectively place burdens on to those creating risks. Such a focus forms an essential component of a shift from “problem-based” environmental policy to “solutions-based” policy. This shift requires adequate research resources, tools, and a government commitment to a new paradigm of environmental protection. We conclude that we will only reach the goal of sustainable production if we change our environmental protection focus from figuring out how bad the situation will be to seeking alternatives to problematic activities and designing the conditions for a more sustainable future.     

化工厂环境风险评估方法探讨

对某化工厂事故隐患进行了周密调查及工程分析，筛选出主要风险因子并进行风险预测；运用概率统计法对不同生产方案、不同污染源强及不同环境功能区的污染风险进行了综合评价研究。     

污水汽提装置设计改造

介绍乌鲁木齐石油化工总厂第二套污水汽提装置设计中采取的一些改善产品质量，保障安全，减少污染的措施。     

区域控制及其立法建议

我国目前的环境污染出现区域经，流域化的趋势，要求控制对象由点源转向区域，推行污染区域控制，介绍了区域控制的概念及原则，并提出了立法建议。     

制硫装置的污染及其治理

以洛阳石化总厂炼油５００ｔ／ａ硫磺为例，总结了小型克劳斯工艺制硫过程中存在的污染及治理方法。     

赖溪河的氨污染对发展渔业的影响

本文根据近几年来对赖溪河水质的调查研究,讨论了环境因素与水中氨浓度的关系及氨污染对发展淡水渔业的影响,并提出了对策。     

中小型水泥厂大气污染防治初探

根据机械化立窑水泥生产工艺和设备的特声、，分析中小型水泥厂大气污染的因素和污染防治措施，供环境影响评价和环保工程设计参考．     

沈阳市农业污染现状的初步调查

区域化、规模化和集约化的生产方式促进了沈阳市蔬菜生产和畜牧业的快速发展 ,但是也带来了一些污染问题。调查表明 ,蔬菜的硝酸盐污染状况非常严重 ,多数叶菜类蔬菜的硝酸盐含量超标 ,其中 ,茼蒿菜的硝酸盐含量高达6687.9/ mg·kg- 1 ,超标近 9倍 ;由畜牧业生产各个环节引起的环境污染问题也日趋严峻。畜牧业生产专业村镇的空气和地下水污染严重 ,已对沈阳市及其周边地区小城镇的生态环境建设构成严重影响。