阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）改善污泥脱水性能的研究

通过对污泥含水率的测定和滤液蛋白质的测定,考察了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）对污泥脱水性能的影响。结果表明,PAM能够改善污泥的脱水性能,最佳的投加量为0.96mg/g,污泥的含水率73.38%。通过激光粒度分析研究PAM对污泥的作用机理,发现投加PAM之后,污泥的絮体变大,占体积分数90%的颗粒粒径大于206.170μm,明显的大于原泥。实验表明,PAM是通过＂架桥吸附＂和＂水化作用＂改善污泥的脱水性能。     

聚丙烯酰胺复配物提高微细粉尘湿润效果的试验

为了提高微细粉尘的除尘效果,将聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）与琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠（AOT）等进行复配,并分别测定了粉尘的沉降时间、溶液表面张力及其紫外吸收光谱。结果表明,AOT与PAM复配后,形成了新的物质,可降低溶液表面张力和粉尘沉降时间,从而提高微尘湿润效果。     

Fenton试剂处理油田含聚污水中聚丙烯酰胺的试验研究

通过对我国油田含聚污水污染状况进行分析,提出处理油田含聚污水的关键是去除污水中的聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM).以聚丙烯酰胺污水为处理对象,通过正交试验确定了Fenton试剂各影响因素的影响权重,并深入研究了Fenton试剂中各影响因素的作用机制,同时通过分别试验确定了Fenton试剂处理聚丙烯酰胺污水的最佳操作条件:Fe2 和H2O2浓度分别为400mg/L、1.0mL/L,反应温度40 ℃、反应时间15 min,反应体系的pH为3左右,HPAM的降解率能达到88%以上,COD降解率高达97%.     

聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)在水厂排泥水处理中的应用研究

介绍了水厂排泥水处理浓缩污泥投加ＰＡＭ的重要性、ＰＡＭ絮凝机理，实验室ＰＡＭ筛选及ＰＡＭ在水厂排泥水处理中应用效果。     

聚丙烯酰胺/氧化石墨纳米复合材料的制备及其表征

采用层离吸收和原位聚合的方法制备了丙烯酰胺/氧化石墨、聚丙烯酰胺/氧化石墨纳米复合材料的制备,X-射线衍射分析表明,丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯酰胺在氧化石墨中有着不同的排列方式。     

Amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase measurements: Comparing immunochemical and polyacrylamide gel techniques

In the present study, a recently reported immunochemical technique for measuring acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in amniotic fluid utilizing the 4F19 antibody was compared with the widely utilized polyacrylamide gel technique to determine whether the immunochemical assay provided an advantage in separating unaffected pregnancies from those associated with open spina bifida (OSB) and open ventral wall defects (OVWD). The study included (1) 73 amniotic fluid samples from unaffected pregnancies [alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) < 2 MoM] with no visible gel AChE band, (2) nine bloodstained samples from unaffected pregnancies (AFP 2·2–4·0 MoM) with visible gel AChE bands, (3) 18 samples associated with OSB (AFP 2·2–7·0 MoM) with visible gel AChE bands, and (4) 20 samples associated with OVWD (AFP 3·2–53·5 MoM) with visible gel AChE bands. The immunochemical assay produced ranges of measurements in the four respective categories as follows: (1) 2–60 arbitrary units (AU): (2) 14–69 AU, (3) 61–593 AU, and (4)22–476 AU. Eight of the nine unaffected pregnancies with visible gel AChE bands had immunochemical measurements below the highest measurement for the samples with no visible AChE band (60 AU), as did five out of 20 OVWD pregnancies. Two of the OSB cases had values of 61 and 62 AU. These data indicate that the 4F19 specific monoclonal antibody to AChE is capable of distinguishing unaffected from affected pregnancies with reasonable reliability but that more work needs to be done to establish the extent of overlap between the unaffected and affected populations.     

Flocculant in wastewater affects dynamics of inorganic N and accelerates removal of phenanthrene and anthracene in soil

Recycling of municipal wastewater requires treatment with flocculants, such as polyacrylamide. It is unknown how polyacrylamide in sludge affects removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from soil. An alkaline-saline soil and an agricultural soil were contaminated with phenanthrene and anthracene. Sludge with or without polyacrylamide was added while emission of CO₂ and concentrations of NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, phenanthrene and anthracene were monitored in an aerobic incubation experiment. Polyacrylamide in the sludge had no effect on the production of CO₂, but it reduced the concentration of NH₄⁺, increased the concentration of NO₃⁻ in the Acolman soil and NO₂⁻ in the Texcoco soil, and increased N mineralization compared to the soil amended with sludge without polyacrylamide. After 112 d, polyacrylamide accelerated the removal of anthracene from both soils and that of phenanthrene in the Acolman soil. It was found that polyacrylamide accelerated removal of phenanthrene and anthracene from soil.     

聚丙烯酰胺降解菌的分离和鉴定

三次采油产生的大量含聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的污水急需处理,其核心问题是PAM的生物化学降解。文章叙述了从含聚合物油田污水中分离到七株PAM降解菌的过程,并对其营养物体系进行了初步研究及分子生物学鉴定。结果表明,分离到的七株菌可以以PAM为唯一氮源和碳源进行生长,但是生长速度较慢,添加液蜡或酵母膏等可导致微生物菌群的共代谢,能加快PAM的生物降解。七株菌分别归类于放线杆菌纲和α-变形菌纲及芽孢杆菌,与数据库中已知菌的同源性均超过98%。     

聚丙烯酰胺与植物联合抑尘效果的试验研究

如今颗粒物是我国大气环境污染的首要污染物之一,而土壤扬尘是大气颗粒物的主要来源,已经严重影响到大气质量及人们的生存环境,而聚丙烯酰胺不仅能促进植物生长,还能使土壤颗粒和孔隙结构保持稳定,控制土壤扬尘,因此通过聚丙烯酰胺与植物联合作用控制土壤扬尘排放对提升城市环境大气质量具有重要意义。本文在基于现有文献数据的基础上,以四川彭州市附近农田边裸露土壤为研究对象进行人工模拟对照试验,探讨了聚丙烯酰胺不同用量下与植物联合作用对抑尘效果的影响,以期为土壤扬尘污染的控制提供科学依据。研究表明:PM_2.5和PM₁₀的排放浓度随着聚丙烯酰胺的浓度增加而增加,随植被覆盖度的增加而减小。与植被覆盖作用相比,聚丙烯酰胺和植被覆盖的同时作用能更好的降低PM_2.5和PM₁₀排放浓度,PM_2.5浓度较之前平均下降了32.9%,PM₁₀浓度较之前相比平均下降了37.1%。通过对比实验数据可知,聚丙烯酰胺浓度在20 g/m²到25 g/m²时,整体抑尘效果最好,在施工7天时,PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度平均下降了63.4%和77.9%,在施工1个月时,PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度平均下降了和43.8%和56.3%。实验结论为利用聚丙烯酰胺和植物联合作用可以显著降低各时间段的土壤扬尘含量,为科学的治理土壤扬尘提供了理论参考。