轨道交通车辆用功能性部件的防火研究

选取了轨道交通车辆用量较多的橡胶典型功能部件折棚式内风挡、外风挡和空气弹簧胶囊用材料,依据最新的业内通用标准EN 45545-2∶2020,同时进行烟毒性和热释放速率试验。试验结果表明,现用橡胶典型功能性部件除烟毒性指数(CIT_G)外,烟密度(D_s)和最大平均热释放速率(MARHE)均无法满足EN 45545-2∶2020防火标准的HL2级要求。面对这一问题,生产厂家应在满足部件功能性的前提下,尽量提高产品的防火性能;同时,为确保部件自身的功能性,标准制定方在制定指标要求时也应适当放宽这些材料的防火阻燃要求。     

基于核密度估计的城市基础要素与街尘营养元素含量特征关联

了解城市基础要素与街尘污染物在空间上的关联特征有利于城市非点源污染源区的定量解释及精准控制.为探究城市基础要素与街尘营养元素含量空间分布之间的联系,以武汉市汉阳区为案例研究区,选取总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、交换态磷(Ex-P)、铝结合态磷(Al-P)、铁结合态磷(Fe-P)、闭蓄态磷(Oc-P)、钙结合态磷(Ca-P...     

CFD Simulation of the Dispersion of Binary Dust Mixtures in the 20 L Vessel

There are at least two main requirements for repeatable and reliable measurements of flammability and explosibility parameters of dusts: a uniform dispersion of solid particles inside the test vessel, and a homogeneous degree of turbulence. In several literature works, it has been shown that, in the standard 20 L sphere, the dust injection system generates a non-uniform dust cloud, while high gradients characterize the turbulent flow field. In this work, the dust dispersion inside the 20 L sphere was simulated for nicotinic acid/anthraquinone mixtures (with different pure dust ratios, while keeping the total dust concentration constant) with a validated three-dimensional CFD model. Numerical results show that the fields of dust concentration, flow velocity and turbulence are strongly affected by both diameter and density of the pure dusts. These different dust properties lead to segregation phenomena with the formation of zones richer in one component and leaner in the other one and vice versa, and also result in preferential paths for the solid particles inside the sphere. Overall, the obtained results highlight the need for developing a dust injection system able to overcome the shortcomings of the actual one even when testing dust mixtures.     

芒刺-板式电除尘器收尘极板电流密度分布规律研究

在芒刺-板式电除尘器中,板电流密度分布越均匀,越有利于除尘效率提高.因此,知道收尘极板电流密度分布对电除尘器的电极结构设计是重要的.然而,由于处于芒刺正下方的峰值电流不易确定,导致现有的电流密度分布式很难用于实际工程计算.另外,这些计算式不满足高斯通量定理.要使芒刺-板式电除尘器收尘极板电流密度分布满足高斯电通量定理,电流密度分布规律应服从某种特定的分布函数.通过对Warburg单根芒刺-板式电极极板电流密度分布模型的变量分析,发现芒刺-板式电除尘器收尘极板电流密度分布恰是自由度n=4的t分布.根据电流密度的分布特征,建立了由总电流确定极板电流密度的理论计算式.由于总电流很容易通过实测得到,因此,所建立的极板电流密度t分布模型更具实用性.比较研究表明,该理论式与其他研究者的实验结果有很好的一致性.     

Predicting Root Density in Streambanks1

Abstract: Roots of riparian vegetation increase streambank erosion resistance and structural stability; therefore, knowledge of root density and distribution in streambanks is useful for stream management and restoration. The objective of this study was to compare streambank root distributions for herbaceous and woody vegetation and to develop empirical models to predict root density. Root length density, root volume ratio, soil physical and chemical properties, and above‐ground vegetation densities were measured at 25 sites on six streams in southwestern Virginia. The Mann‐Whitney test was used to determine differences in root density along stream segments dominated by either woody or herbaceous vegetation. Multiple linear regression was used to develop relationships between root density and site characteristics. Study results showed that roots were evenly distributed across the bank face with the majority of roots having diameters less than 2 mm. Soil bulk density and above‐ground vegetation were key factors influencing root density. While significant relationships were developed to predict root density, the predictive capabilities of the equations was low. Because of the highly variable nature of soil and vegetation properties, it is recommended at this time that soil erodibility and root density be measured in the field for design and modeling purposes, rather than estimated based on empirical relationships.     

Cl+CH2CO多通道反应机理的研究

用B3LYP)／6-311 G^**方法计算了CH2CO与Cl多通道反应不同驻点的几何构型、振动频率和能量,通过振动模式分析来阐明反应物、过渡态、中间体和产物之间的关系．确定了主要的反应通道和次要的反应通道．提出了一种新的反应机理的研究方法．     

脉冲放电等离子体治理炼油厂恶臭气体研究

应用脉冲放电等离子体技术,在线板式反应器内对炼油厂恶臭气体中代表性污染物———硫化氢、乙硫醇的去除进行了试验,试验规模4～16m3·h-1 采用闸流管开关脉冲电源,其最大输出功率1kW,最大脉冲电压峰值100kV.试验考察了峰值电压、重复频率、进口浓度、处理气量、背景气体各单因素对去除率的影响.结果表明:硫化氢几乎完全去除,乙硫醇最大去除率为84%;在有正己烷背景气体存在时,乙硫醇的去除可不受低浓度背景气体影响;在高浓背景气体情况下,乙硫醇的去除率有所降低,硫化氢也有类似规律;硫化氢和乙硫醇中硫元素主要转化为二氧化硫.结合恶臭气体去除率与能量密度、进口浓度的关系,建立反应器动力学模型,获得硫化氢和乙硫醇的氧化速率常数分别为0 042和0 034L·J-1,为进一步反应器优化、放大设计及与电源匹配提供了基础数据.     

紫外辐射增强对麦二叉蚜发生量的影响

研究春小麦大田栽培自然光条件下,模拟紫外辐射（ＵＶ－Ｂ,２９０￣３１５ｎｍ）分别增加２．５４、４．２５及５．３１ｋＪ·ｍ＾－２对小麦（寄生虫麦二叉蚜（Ｓｃｈｉｚａｐｈｉｓ ｇｒａｍｉｎｕｍ）的发生、种群密度、繁殖系数等方面的影响。结果表明麦二叉蚜的种群密度与其当年的发生量密切相关,并且种群密度随着ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射强度的增加明显降低,但对麦二叉蚜的繁殖特性没有显著的抑制作用。因此认为,未来臭氧层减薄紫外     

未来气候情景下甘南草地土壤有机碳密度的时空预测与分析

研究草地土壤有机碳密度的时间和空间分布特征,并探究有机碳密度与影响因素之间的关系,对甘南自治州草地生态系统管理和维护具有重要意义,有助于实现“双碳”目标,促进碳汇和减缓气候变化.以甘肃省甘南藏族自治州为研究对象,基于SSP126和SSP585这两种CMIP6未来气候情景数据,运用CENTURY模型模拟预测2023~2100年甘南草地土壤有机碳密度的时空变化,结果表明:①2023~2100年,总有机碳密度、缓性有机碳密度、惰性有机碳密度均呈现下降趋势,活性有机碳密度先波动下降再波动上升.同时,SSP585情景下的总有机碳、活性、缓性和惰性有机碳密度均高于SSP126情景;②Mann-Kendall突变分析表明土壤总有机碳密度之差（Δsomtc）的突变发生在2030年;土壤活性碳密度之差（Δsom1c）的突变发生在2027年;③研究期内,在SSP126情景下,甘南州草地土壤有机碳密度平均值为7 505.69 g·m^-2,在SSP585情景下则为7 551.87 g·m^-2.甘南州草地土壤有机碳密度整体呈现西部高东部低,变异系数整体比较稳定的特点;④偏相关分析结果表明未来气候情景下,降水与土壤有机碳密度呈正相关,温度与土壤有机碳密度呈显著负相关;⑤Theil-Sen Median趋势分析和Mann-Kendall检验结果表明,在两个气候情景下,甘南州的土壤有机碳密度整体呈现下降趋势,其中碌曲县的下降趋势相对最快,迭部县最缓慢.     

基于AVMD与DPC-FCM的旋转机械无监督故障诊断方法

目的 针对旋转机械故障诊断过程中存在故障信号特征提取困难、故障诊断过程有标签数据较少、故障诊断准确率低等问题,提出自适应变分模态分解算法(Adaptive Variational Mode Decomposition, AVMD)与密度峰值算法优化的模糊C均值算法(Clustering by Fast Search and Find of Density Peaks Optimizing Fuzzy C-Means,DPC-FCM)结合的无监督诊断方法。方法 首先,将多尺度排列熵与峭度相结合的综合系数作为适应度函数,对VMD算法的惩罚因子alpha和模态个数K进行参数寻优,提取分解后本征模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF)的平均样本熵与平均模糊熵,并输入至聚类算法中。其次,提出利用密度峰值聚类算法确定FCM的初始聚类中心,降低聚类结果的随机性。结果 将提出的无监督故障诊断模型应用到滚动轴承试验信号中,实现了准确的故障诊断。结论 AVMD在故障提取方面具有优越性,同时DPC算法可以有效提高FCM算法无监督聚类的准确性,二者结合可以有效实现旋转机械故障的智能分类。