煤炭高校安全工程专业改革与创新的思考

根据煤炭行业和社会对安全人才的需求 ,提出了立足行业 ,面向社会 ,一专多向的培养模式。课程设置本着强化基础、精练专业、扩大选修的原则对课程进行优化、整合和重组。建立坚实、宽厚的专业基础知识平台 ,形成以一个专业方向为载体 ,向多个专业方向传递的课程体系。教材建设的重点是根据安全学科基本理论和多共性的科目编写统一教材和通用教材。实践教学中通过测试、模拟、演示等实验手段 ,增强学生对安全工作的实践知识。课程设计要密切联系生产实际 ,提高学生独立思考能力。毕业论文要体现对安全问题的分析、技术方法的运用、管理措施的制定等内容 ,使学生受到科学思维、工程实践和创新意识的综合训练。     

我国安全学科学历教育的困境与对策

我国安全形势严峻的重要原因是安全科技人才缺乏。安全学科学历教育作为我国安全科技高级人才培养的主要渠道之一,为国家造就和输送了大批安全科技人才。但是,由于安全学科学历教育体制没有很好适应市场经济的发展,遇到了不少难以解决的问题。依据对高校和煤炭企业调查所获得的资料,统计发现:目前我国安全学科学历教育所面临的主要问题是专业设置的局限性、培养目标的雷同性和课程设置的低通用性;社会对安全人才需求与目前高校安全专业招生和毕业生就业之间存在的突出矛盾。在详细调研和分析的基础上,提出了相应的安全人才后备队伍建设应采取的对策,即加大政府调控力度、实施“人才兴安”战略,深化教育教学改革、培养高素质安全人才。     

Identifying best practices states in motorcycle rider education and licensing

PROBLEM: After decreasing to a historic low in 1997, motorcycle crash-related fatalities are increasing. Although causes remain unclear, motorcycle rider education and licensing play key roles in reducing motorcycle crashes and injuries. Yet, little is known about what constitutes effective rider training and licensing. This study develops a model of best practices in motorcycle rider education and licensing and combines primary and secondary data to identify states that most closely adhere to this model. Evidence on the validity of the model is also examined. METHOD: States were rated along three areas of best practices: (a) program administration; (b) rider education; and (c) licensing based on 2001 data collected for a National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)-sponsored study. RESULTS: Results indicate wide variation in states' adherence to best practices; several states meet most, others very few. When the areas of best practices are considered separately, a state tends to behave similarly on all three. Initial evidence supports the validity of the model, with high best practices states having the lowest rates of motorcycle fatalities. IMPACT ON TRAFFIC SAFETY: As motorcycle-related crashes increase and state and federal support for rider education programs diminishes, it is critical that states identify deficiencies in their program and learn from successful states about efficient, cost-effective strategies for increasing best practices in motorcycle rider education and licensing.     

Graduated driver licensing research in 2004 and 2005

This is the second update of research on graduated driver licensing (GDL) and teenage drivers. It briefly summarizes research in progress and research published since the January 2004 update (Hedlund, J. & Compton, R. [2004]. Graduated driver licensing research in 2003 and beyond. Journal of Safety Research 35(1), 5-11). Research has been very active, especially on teenage driver risk factors, GDL program evaluations, the role of parents in managing and training their teenage drivers, and driver education. Results have strengthened the case for GDL, for nighttime and passenger restrictions, and for extended supervised driving practice.     

工科学生工程安全素质培养的探索与实践

高等学校工科学生的社会职业定位是工程师,工程师的主要工作是从事工程的规划、设计、实施、运行和管理,其工程行为对工程安全具有至关重要的影响。随着现代工程向大型化、综合化和复杂化方向发展,工程安全已成为人类社会面临的重大问题,解决工程安全问题的根本途径之一是加强和改进高等工程教育,致力于提高工科学生的工程安全素质培养。对工科学生的工程安全素质培养,各高校可根据自己的专业优势和服务需求面而独具特色,以适应社会对工程安全人才多样性要求。湖南科技大学在工科学生的培养中,从培养目标的改革中加强了对工程安全素质的要求;从培养内容的改革中加强了对工程安全知识的传授;从培养方法的改革中加强了对工程安全技能的训练;各项改革中的措施在实践中取得令人满意的效果。     

HSE管理体系的基层安全教育培训探讨

安全教育培训是石油行业一项非常重要的安全基础性工作,扎实开展基层员工安全培训,提高安全综合素质,增强事故防范能力,防止发生不安全行为,才能真正达到预防事故的目的。本文从七个方面介绍基层安全教育培训的一些方法与实践,针对性强、实用性好,并已在基层单位取得了较好的效果。     

Driver education and graduated licensing in North America: past, present, and future

PROBLEM: A stated objective of driver education in North America is to produce safer drivers, typically defined as drivers less likely to crash. This paper examines the extent to which driver education has achieved this objective independently as well as the extent to which such programs can support the success of graduated licensing in reducing young driver crashes. In so doing, it discusses past experiences, recent developments, and the future direction of driver education and training in relation to graduated driver licensing. METHOD: Literature review and synthesis. RESULTS: Driver education programs have yet to demonstrate consistent attainment of their safety objectives. Moreover, they have not been found to enhance the safety effectiveness of graduated licensing programs--indeed, some practices, for example, "time discounts" for driver education have actually had a detrimental effect on teen safety. DISCUSSION: Despite its disappointing safety record to date, it is important not to abandon driver education. In particular, there are opportunities to improve driver education so that it achieves its safety objectives, and ensure that programs in the future complement graduated driver licensing and contribute to its overall safety benefits. Current and future efforts to improve driver education and better integrate it with graduated licensing programs, however, need to be rigorously evaluated to determine what does and does not work to reduce young driver crashes, and as importantly, to understand why this is the case. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Improved driver education integrated with graduated driver licensing has potential safety benefits.     

CDIO工程教育模式在高职创业教育中的应用研究——以中国环境管理干部学院为例

创业教育现在已成为我国高等职业教育中的重要一环。高职院校往往开设一门创业教育课程,试图通过该课程达到创业教育的目的,课程过分迷信＂说教、讲授＂的力量,而毕业生创业能力并没有得到预期的培养。通过借鉴CDIO工程教育模式,提出了创业教育应该以创业能力为培养目标,参照CDIO模式的12项标准进行模块化课程开发,通过CDIO循环提高学生的创业综合能力。     

Predicting Satisfaction with Smart Irrigation Controllers and Their Long‐Term Use among Homeowners in Central Florida

Studies throughout Florida have shown smart controllers can substantially reduce irrigation under residential high‐water use conditions. However, successful promotion requires understanding the link between controller performance and the mechanisms by which they are adopted. This article compares irrigation water‐use and survey data collected from households installed with soil moisture sensor and evapotranspiration controllers. The study investigated whether the relative change in irrigation use between two years preceding and two years following installation was a reliable predictor of a homeowner's satisfaction with the device and likelihood of continuing to use it. Results indicated relative changes in irrigation use were only significantly associated with the quality of controller programming. Satisfaction with the controller was largely attributable to satisfaction with the appearance of the landscape and the perceived water‐saving effectiveness of the controller whereas the likelihood of its continued use was only significantly predicted by the level of technical knowledge regarding its functioning and whether or not challenges were experienced with it. Targeting homeowners with supplemental user‐friendly information may best support their long‐term adoption of smart controllers while providing irrigation contractors with training in implementation techniques would represent an integrated strategy for added reductions in residential outdoor water use.     

高职高专教育理念和就业观念探讨

本文通过对我国目前高职高专大学生就业形势的全面分析,站在教育思想与时俱进的高度,论述了我国高职高专教育以市场为杠杆,以就业为导向的必然发展态势,阐述了目前我国高职高专教育理念和学生就业观念急需转变的必要性。