锅炉脱硫系统烟气换热器堵塞故障分析及处理

抗滑桩在滑坡治理中应用得比较广泛,确保抗滑桩的耐久性至关重要,抗滑桩混凝土中性化程度是影响其耐久性的重要因素。通过酸雨侵蚀与应力耦合作用下的模型试验,探讨了混凝土受酸雨侵蚀后强度和中性化深度的变化情况。分析结果显示:在酸雨侵蚀作用下,抗滑桩混凝土抗压强度先增大,然后逐渐减小;应力作用下,抗滑桩混凝土中性化深度与无应力时有很大区别,弯曲拉应力作用下的混凝土中性化深度大于无应力状态下的中性化深度,弯曲压应力下的中性化深度小于无应力下的中性化深度,应力水平的大小将影响到中性化深度的大小。     

福建省经济增长的资源环境代价评估

本文应用“含资源与环境项目的社会会计矩阵”（简写为SAMRE）分析1991－1999年福建省资源净产值、环境净产值和真实储蓄值。计算结果显示，福建省资源净产值与环境净产值各年损失幅度为11．17－62．05亿元，平均占全省GDP的2．1％。真实国民储蓄比传统国民核算体系的净储蓄减少1．48－69．4亿元，占净储蓄的1．11％－12．0％。分析表明自然资源损失与环境污染成为福建省经济总量增长的重大代价。其发展呈弱可持续性特征。此外，分析结果也显示，近年来资源与环境净产值损失占全省GDP的比重总体呈下降趋势，真实储蓄比重趋向上升。     

The market-incentive recycling system for waste packaging containers in Taiwan

This paper presents a new market-incentive (MI) system to recycle waste-packaging containers in Taiwan. Since most used packaging containers have no or insufficient market value, the government imposes a combined product charge and subsidy policy to provide enough economic incentive for recycling various kinds of packaging containers, such as iron, aluminum, paper, glass and plastic. Empirical results show that the new MI approach has stimulated and established the recycling market for waste-packaging containers. The new recycling system has provided 18,356 employment opportunities and generated NT$ 6.97 billion in real-production value and NT$ 3.18 billion in real GDP during the 1998 survey year. Cost-effectiveness analysis constitutes the theoretical foundation of the new scheme, whereas data used to compute empirical product charge are from two sources: marketing surveys of internal conventional costs of solid-waste collection, disposal and recycling in Taiwan, and benefit transfer of external environmental costs in the United States. The new recycling policy designed by the authors provides a reasonable solution for solid-waste management in a country with limited land resources such as Taiwan.     

绿色工业产品设计与制造

随着环境污染的日益严重和资源危机，绿色工业产品设计的思想更加受到重视。末文通过对绿色标准及产品的定义和分析，完整地给出了绿色产品的设计内容和方法。     

三提高-实现可持续发展的基本途径

现阶段，人类社会不可持续发展的本质在于经济系统与自然系统之间的物质流动发生了滞障，通过分析人与环境所组成系统的物质流动规律表明，可持续发展不仅需要提高自然资源的生产利用率，还需要提高产品的重复利用率与废物再资源化率，最后，对提高三种利用率的经济机制以及它们的实现条件进行了探讨。     

生态产品生命周期设计概念框架

生态产品是从原材料采掘到产品制造、运销、使用和最终报废处理整个生命周期总环境影响最小的产品，而生命周期设计是实现产品环境影响最小化和污染预防的最好方式之一。生态产品的开发，应从设计开始，生态产品生命周期设计的概念是一种基于产品系统的设计方法；其设计步骤有确定系统边界、环境现状评价、设计要求分析、各要求优先排序与协调，设计对策、设计方案评价等几个方面，随着ＩＳＯ１４０００体系的全面建立，产品生命周期     

The rise of ingredient disclosure: The California and New York experience

In the recent past, two important states—California and New York—have launched extensive and precedent‐setting ingredient disclosure laws regarding cleaning products with the clear goal of prompting the deselection of certain chemical substances and forcing product reformulation. Industry prefers to refer to this trend as “ingredient communication,” a goal we can all agree is desirable. By whatever name, these state measures will have a significant impact on ingredient disclosure trends across product lines, likely well beyond their stated application to cleaning products. These state laws are summarized below, followed by a discussion of their similarities, key differences, and their implications.     

纳米氢氧化钛及焙烧产物对磷酸根的吸附特性研究

以纳米氢氧化钛(NTH)作为吸附水溶液中磷酸根的吸附剂,考察了NTH不同焙烧温度下的分子式及其对PO43-吸附效果的影响.选择PO43-初始浓度为50 mg/L,通过正交试验确定在pH=2、吸附剂用量为0.1g、吸附时间为40min、温度25℃时,NTH吸附效果达到最佳,吸附量为55.5 mg/g,经200、300、400及500℃焙烧后的NTH对磷酸根的吸附量逐渐减小;吸附量分别为494、40.6、25.5及16.8 mg/g;NTH经800℃焙烧后,焙烧产物TiO2不具有吸附性.TG、XRD分析表明随着焙烧温度的升高,NTH的表面活性基团(-OH)数量逐渐减少.结果表明,吸附剂的吸附性与吸附剂表面羟基的数量有直接关系.     

Resolving Trade and Environment Conflicts： A Focus on Sustainable Trade in China

This paper begins by analysing the mutual influence between international trade and the environment, and then proceeds to explore the environment and trade conflicts. On the basis of sustainable development theories and the above discussion, the article suggests taking sustainable trade as a solution to the existing conflicts. This paper aims to find the way to strike a balance between international trade and environment based on the present situation in China.     

耐久性仿真试验在直升机上的应用研究

目的研究适用于直升机型号研制的耐久性仿真试验方法。方法在对常规耐久性仿真试验方法进行研究总结的基础上,针对直升机特点阐述适用于直升机研制的耐久性仿真试验方法的一般流程及实施步骤,并将其应用于某直升机型号机载产品的具体案例中。结果利用文中提出的耐久性仿真试验方法有效地发现了该直升机机载产品研制中的耐久性设计薄弱环节,且操作流程和实施步骤简单易行。结论所提出的耐久性仿真试验方法在直升机上应用具有较高的有效性和可行性,可以推广到直升机型号研制的实际工程应用中。