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我国有色金属行业发展迅速,铜、铝、铅、锌等10种有色金属产量占世界的40%以上。我国有色金属行业在资源节约、环境友好型产业的方针指导下,不断推动主体工艺技术进步,技术装备水平进入世界先进行列,重金属污染物防治、废物综合利用取得新进展,清洁生产取得显著成果,末端技术取得新突破。目前有色金属行业环境污染压力依然很大,需切实转变发展方式,继续走绿色发展之路。 相似文献
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- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2006.02.294
Background, Aim and Scope. To better address the requirements of the changing multilateral order, the United Nations Industrial
Development Organization (UNIDO) Cleaner Production Programme, in 2004, developed the new Sustainable Industrial Resource
Management (SIRM) approach. This approach is in accordance with the principles decided at the United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. Unlike the traditional approaches to environmental
management, the SIRM concept captures the idea of achieving sustainable industrial development through the implementation
of circular material and energy flows in the entire production chain and reduction of the amount of material and energy used
with greater efficiency solutions. The SIRM approach seeks to develop new models to encourage a shift from selling products
to supplying services, modifying, in this manner, the supplier/user relationship and resulting in a win-win situation for
the economy and the environment. Chemical Leasing represents such a new service-oriented business model and is currently being
promoted by UNIDO′s Cleaner Production Programme.
Main Features. One of the potential approaches to address the problems related to ineffective use and over-consumption of
chemicals is the development and implementation of Chemical Leasing business models. These provide concrete solutions to the
effective management of chemicals and on the ways negative releases to the environment can be reduced. The Chemical Leasing
approach is a strategy that addresses the obligations of the changing international chemicals policy by focusing on a more
service-oriented strategy. Mexico is one of the countries that were selected for the implementation of UNIDO's demonstration
project to promote Chemical Leasing models in the country. The target sector of this project is the chemical industry, which
is expected to shift their traditional business concept towards a more service and value-added approach. This is being achieved
through the development of company specific business models that implement the above-indicated Chemical Leasing concept with
the support from the Mexican National Cleaner Production Centre (NCPC).
Results and Conclusions. The implementation of Chemical Leasing in Mexico has proven to be an efficient instrument in enhancing
sustainable chemical management and significantly reducing emissions in Mexico. Several companies from the chemical industrial
sector implement or agreed to implement chemical leasing business models. Based on the positive findings of the project,
several Mexican companies started to negotiate contents of possible Chemical Leasing contracts with suitable business partners.
The project further aimed at disseminating information on Chemical Leasing. It successfully attracted globally operating companies
in the chemicals sector to explore possibilities to implement Chemical Leasing business models in Mexico. At the international
level, the results of the UNIDO project were presented on 20TH September 2005 during a side event of the Strategic Approach
to International Chemicals Management (SAICM) Preparation Conference in Vienna.
Recommendations and Outlook. To facilitate the promotion and application of Chemical Leasing project at international level,
UNIDO is currently developing a number of tools to standardize Chemical Leasing projects. These include, among others, Chemical
leasing contract models; Chemical Leasing data base to find partners for chemical leasing; and guidelines to implement Chemical
Leasing projects and work programmes. 相似文献
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Mohammad Torabi Fereidoun Mobasheri 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1973,9(6):1089-1099
ABSTRACT: The main objective of this paper is to present a stockastic dynamic programming model useful in determining the optimal operating policy of a single multipurpose surface reservoir. It is the unreliability of forecasting the amount of future streamflow which makes the problem of a reservoir operation a stochastic process. In this paper the stochastic nature of the streamflow is taken into account by considering the correlation between the streamflows of each pair of consecutive time intervals. This interdependence is used to calculate the probability of transition from a given state and stage to its succeeding ones. A dynamic programming model with a physical equation and a stochastic recursive equation is developed to find the optimum operational policy. For illustrative purposes, the model is applied to a real surface water reservoir system. 相似文献
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简论安全生产社会中介服务机构的形成与管理 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
随着市场经济的发展、社会事务的日益复杂化 ,政府职能向小政府大社会转变 ,机构调整和精减 ,需要动员社会力量广泛参与社会事务的管理。作为与国计民生关系密切的安全生产领域 ,同样面临着这一问题。在社会转型及政府机构改革的过程中 ,鼓励安全生产社会中介服务机构参与安全生产工作中来显得尤为必要和紧迫。近两年来 ,随着《安全生产法》的颁布和实施 ,我国安全生产中介市场发展迅速 ,作为第三方力量参与安全生产技术服务性工作中 ,越来越显示其重要作用和广阔的前景。该类机构在从事安全咨询、评价、评审、培训、考核、认证、检验、检测及注册等技术性服务活动 ,为我国安全生产作出了重要贡献。当然 ,在安全中介服务机构快速发展的同时 ,也出现了许多不容忽视的问题 ,需要政府在市场准入 ;行业监督 ;创造公平竞争环境 ,审查及考核中介机构认证、咨询资质 ;坚持科学、公正、公开依法办事等方面加强监督、管理。加强立法 ,严格监管 ,使安全生产社会中介服务机构在市场经济的建设中不断发展壮大 相似文献
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烧碱生产过程危险评估及对策措施 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
离子膜烧碱生产过程中涉及多种危险有害因素。笔者通过对国内现役离子膜烧碱生产装置进行调研 ,同时结合国内外其他涉及烧碱生产厂家的情况 ,分析并指出了生产过程中可能出现的危险有害因素 ,进而提出了相应对策措施 ,为企业消除事故及安全生产可以提供保障 相似文献