Comparative studies on fouling of homogeneous anion exchange membranes by different structured organics in electrodialysis

Five negatively charged organic compounds with different structures, sodium methane sulfonate (MS), sodium benzene sulfonate (BS), sodium 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonate (NSS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), were used to examine the fouling of an anion exchange membrane (AEM) in electrodialysis (ED), to explore the effect of molecular characteristics on the fouling behavior on the AEM and changes in the surface and electrochemical properties of the AEM. Results indicated that the fouling degree of the AEM by the different organics followed the order: SDBS?>?SDS?>?NSS?>?BS?>?MS. SDBS and SDS formed a dense fouling layer on the surface of the AEM, which was the main factor in the much more severe membrane fouling, and completely restricted the transmembrane ion migration. The other three organics caused fouling of the AEM by adsorption on the surface and /or accumulation in the interlayer of the AEM, and exhibited almost no influence on the transmembrane ion migration. It was also concluded that the organics with benzene rings caused more severe fouling of the AEM due to the stronger affinity interaction and steric effect between the organics and the AEM compared with organics with aliphatic chains.     

大掺量粉煤灰水泥研究

采用激发剂技术，研制成功了粉煤灰掺量达４０％－６０％，强度标号４７．７－５２．９ＭＰａ的大掺量粉煤灰水泥。研究表明，这种水泥的标准稠度需水量，凝结时间，安定性等物理性能满足国家标准的有关要求，水泥石结构致密。     

利用攀钢氯化残渣生产低熟料水泥

较系统地研究了氯化残渣、矿渣、熟料、激发剂等掺量对低熟料水泥强度的影响；找出了利用氯化残渣生产低熟料水泥的最佳条件；并对低熟料水泥性能进行了初步探索。试验表明，利用氯化残渣可生产４２５＾＊低熟料水泥，工业废渣的利用率可达７０％。     

论我国气象法的属性及气象资源

就我国气象法，提出了它的三个属性－经济，行政，国际，并讨论了气象资源服务的四个方面：经济建设，国防建设，社会发展和人民生活。     

建立排污产权交易制度的若干探索

在充分阐述建立排污产权交易制度重要意义和现实可能性的基础上，确定排污产权交易的重点领域与基本原则。运用产权交易的优化配置模型，对排污产权交易在行业、地区、规模和所有制成分间的预期影响进行实证分析，提出加快实施排污产权交易制度的若干政策措施。     

我国旅游产业知识产权保护框架体系研究

作为无形资产的知识产权在知识经济时代起着举足轻重的作用。当前我国旅游业知识产权还未建立起健全的保护体系和完整的法律制度,相关研究也很薄弱,带来诸如市场秩序紊乱、产业创新能力弱、资源浪费等一系列问题,严重影响到旅游产业竞争能力的提升。建立旅游知识产权保护的立法、制度体系、执法、管理体系为核心的旅游知识产权保护体系框架,是旅游知识产权保护工作得以保障的基础。     

Salem Revisited: Updating the MTBE Controversy

I am wronged. It is a shameful thing that you should mind these folks that are out of their wits.* *Statement of Martha Carrier (excerpt), hanged as a witch on 19 August, 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts. In all, 20 innocent persons were executed in 1692 as a result of the hysteria attending the Salem witch trials. After the executions, the court was prohibited from "reliance on spectral and intangible evidence". No prosecutions were successful thereafter. See generally, The Salem Witch Trials 1692: A Chronology of Events , at www.salemweb.com/memorial This article provides background information regarding the emerging controversies involving methyl tert -butyl ether (MTBE) and litigation involving leaking underground storage tanks (USTs) in general. It examines (1) the administrative, legislative and litigation history of MTBE in the context of the Clear Air Act and state environmental statues; (2) the importance of applicable RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) deadlines regarding UST compliance in these cases; (3) the question of MTBE toxicity for personal injury claims; and (4) the scope of damages available in cases filed by plaintiffs who are not physically impacted by contamination. The authors conclude that the MTBE controversy does not appear to be a legitimate public health or environmental crisis, but rather is yet another speculative product of the American legal industry.     

Urban property values and contaminated sites: A hedonic analysis of Sydney, Nova Scotia

This study examines the impact of contaminated sites on urban property values in Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada. The property value effects are examined using an inverse distance specification from the property to the site. A hedonic method employing ordinary least-square technique was used for model estimation. The results show that the presence of contaminated sites has had significant negative effect on the value of residential property. This negative effect, however, is largely localized to within few hundred metres of the sites. The total property value loss in urban Sydney from the contaminated sites is estimated to be $CDN 36 million.     

排污权的产权性质分析

排污权交易是利用市场机制控制环境污染的有效途径。明确排污权的产权性质无论是对生产者还是对管理者都具有十分重要的意义。本论文将对排污权的产权性质和内涵进行分析。     

Local vulnerability as an advantage: mangrove forest management in Pará state,north Brazil,under conditions of illegality

When ecosystems are threatened or scientific knowledge of the effects of human action is uncertain, legislative prohibition is often adopted. This paper examines how the criminalization of mangrove tree use affects ecosystem management outcomes. We explore the biological, economic and social sustainability effects of the legal ban on mangrove use on the coast of Bragança, Pará, north Brazil. There are two main categories of mangrove users in this area: firstly, local subsistence users who also derive some financial incomes from mangrove sale. Their mangrove use is intertwined with household livelihood strategies and they display self-initiated planning and action towards sustainable management; secondly, more mobile, purely commercial users who are responsible for most commercial mangrove exploitation and who employ regionally sequential, predatory resource exploitation strategies. These users are typically based at some distance from the exploited areas and share neither local livelihood strategies nor sustainability agendas. The current outright ban on any utilization of mangrove flora seems to undermine biological sustainability, is economically inefficient and generates normative insecurity, conflict and social polarization. The ineffectiveness of the outright legal prohibition of mangrove tree use in terms of sustainable coastal management leads us to investigate alternative management options. We suggest that the legalization of local mangrove utilization and the strengthening of local users rights and responsibilities to control outsiders in a co-management framework, as proposed in the Brazilian extractive reserves (RESEX) approach, is most likely to advance ecologically, economically and socially sustainable mangrove management. It is demonstrated that a legal recognition of local entitlements to mangrove trees would reduce social vulnerability and therefore move forest management outcomes into more desirable directions.