合成水滑石治理水体阴离子染料污染研究

利用不同层电荷的合成水滑石（层状双氢氧化物）和它们的焙烧态为吸附剂，系统考察了此类材料对于甲基橙染料的吸附保留行为，通过粉末X射线衍射，傅立叶红外和扫描电镜测试说明经水热处理得到的合成水滑石具有良好的结晶度和相纯度．水滑石及其焙烧态对于甲基橙阴离子染料的吸附研究主要采用间歇平衡法实验，吸附体系的电导率变化显示了水滑石的记忆效应，并有可能是焙烧态水滑石再生的动态过程反应低浓度甲基橙在焙烧态水滑石上的吸附实验说明，水滑石层电荷密度对于其焙烧态氧化物吸附低浓度阴离子具有显著的影响。     

Influence of visual clutter on the effect of navigated safety inspection: a case study on elevator installation

Introduction. Navigated safety inspection based on task-specific checklists can increase the hazard detection rate, theoretically with interference from scene complexity. Visual clutter, a proxy of scene complexity, can theoretically impair visual search performance, but its impact on the effect of safety inspection performance remains to be explored for the optimization of navigated inspection. This research aims to explore whether the relationship between working memory and hazard detection rate is moderated by visual clutter. Methods. Based on a perceptive model of hazard detection, we: (a) developed a mathematical influence model for construction hazard detection; (b) designed an experiment to observe the performance of hazard detection rate with adjusted working memory under different levels of visual clutter, while using an eye-tracking device to observe participants’ visual search processes; (c) utilized logistic regression to analyze the developed model under various visual clutter. Conclusion. The effect of a strengthened working memory on the detection rate through increased search efficiency is more apparent in high visual clutter. This study confirms the role of visual clutter in construction-navigated inspections, thus serving as a foundation for the optimization of inspection planning.     

Metal composition of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) regulating ClO4- adsorption to calcined LDHs via the memory effect and hydrogen bonding

A series of calcined carbonate layered double hydroxides （CLDHs） with various metal compositions and different M^2＋/M^3＋ ratios were prepared as adsorbents for perchlorate. Adsorption isotherms fit Langmuir model well, and the adsorption amount followed the order of MgA1-CLDHs 1〉 MgFeCLDHs 〉〉 ZnA1-CLDHs. The isotherms of MgA1-CLDHs and MgFe-CLDHs displayed a two-step shape at low and high concentration ranges and increased with an increase in the M^2＋/M^3＋ ratio from 2 to 4. The two-step isotherm was not observed for ZnA1-CLDHs, and the adsorption was minimally affected by the M^2＋/M^3＋ ratio. The LDHs, CLDHs and the reconstructed samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM, FT-IR and Raman spectra to delineate the analysis of perchlorate adsorption mechanisms. The perchlorate adsorption of MgA1-CLDHs and MgFe-CLDHs was dominated by the structural memory effect and the hydrogen bonds between the free hydroxyl groups on the reconstructed-LDHs and the oxygen atoms of the perchlorates. For ZnAI-CLDHs, the perchlorate adsorption was controlled by the structural memory effect only, as the hydroxyl groups on the hydroxide layers preferred to form strong hydrogen bonds with carbonate over perchlorate, which locked the intercalated perchlorate into a more confined nano-interlayer. Several distinct binding mechanisms of perchlorate by CLDHs with unique M^2＋ ions were proposed.     

Effects of aircraft noise and speech on prose memory: What role for working memory capacity?

Previous research indicates that aircraft noise and meaningful background speech are particularly detrimental to school adolescents' ability to remember what they read, but until now the effects from aircraft noise and speech have never been compared directly in an experiment. Furthermore, individual differences in susceptibility to these effects are not well understood. The present investigation addressed these two issues. Adolescents attending upper secondary school were recruited as participants and the data collection was made in their ordinary classrooms. The results from two experiments revealed that speech is more detrimental to prose memory than is aircraft noise, and individual differences in working memory capacity contributes more to individual differences in susceptibility to the effects of aircraft noise on prose memory than to the effects of speech. Some applied implications of those findings to noise abatement interventions are suggested.     

斜拉索风雨激振的形状记忆合金半主动控制数值模拟分析

斜拉索风雨激振的控制是斜拉桥工程的关键技术难题之一。本文利用轴向设置的形状记忆合金(ShapeMemory Alloy,SMA)作动器,对斜拉索的风雨激振进行了半主动控制数值模拟分析,控制规则采用KOBORI开关控制。数值分析结果表明,SMA半主动控制可有效的控制拉索的风雨激振;SMA的设置长度及初始的应变大小对控制效果有较大的影响,SMA长度越长,初始应变越大,其控制效果越佳。对由SMA控制引起的拉索张力变化做了分析,其张力的变化很小,在可接受的范围内。研究表明,SMA作动器在参数非理想时控制效果可能有所降低,但控制的稳定性良好。     

Persistence of airline accidents

This paper expands on air travel accident research by examining the relationship between air travel accidents and airline traffic or volume in the period from 1927–2006. The theoretical model is based on a representative airline company that aims to maximise its profits, and it utilises a fractional integration approach in order to determine whether there is a persistent pattern over time with respect to air accidents and air traffic. Furthermore, the paper analyses how airline accidents are related to traffic using a fractional cointegration approach. It finds that airline accidents are persistent and that a (non‐stationary) fractional cointegration relationship exists between total airline accidents and airline passengers, airline miles and airline revenues, with shocks that affect the long‐run equilibrium disappearing in the very long term. Moreover, this relation is negative, which might be due to the fact that air travel is becoming safer and there is greater competition in the airline industry. Policy implications are derived for countering accident events, based on competition and regulation.     

应用形状记忆合金-橡胶复合支座的结构隔震

对橡胶支座存在的问题进行了分析，介绍了SMA-橡胶复合支座的基本构造和工作原理，建立了设置不同支座的单自由度结构的运动方程。应用大型有限元软件ANSYS对分别设置固定支座、普通叠层橡胶支座和形状记忆合金（SMA）-橡胶复合支座这3种不同支承条件的结构进行了，单向地震作用下的隔震仿真模拟，及节点位移和加速度的时程分析。分析表明，SMA-橡胶复合支座和普通叠层橡胶支座都能有效地减小结构的位移和加速度反应，而SMA-橡胶复合支座比普通叠层橡胶支座能更有效地减小结构的绝对位移反应，防止因隔震层位移过大而导致支座失稳。     

Effects of co-exposure to lead and manganese on learning and memory deficits

Lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) are common neurotoxins. However, individuals are subject to co-exposures in real life, and it is therefore important to study these metals in combination. Weaning Sprague-Dawley rats were given ad libitum access to drinking water solutions containing Pb (100 mg/L), Mn (2.5 mg/mL) or a mixture, and each treatment had its own minocycline (50 mg/(kg•day)) supplement group. The results showed a significant difference in spatial memory and induction levels of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in all exposure groups when compared with controls. The combined-exposure group exhibited the most pronounced effect when compared with each of the single-metal exposure groups. Microglia displayed activation at day 3 after exposure alone or in combination, while astrocytes showed activation at day 5, accompanied by decreased expression levels of GLAST, GLT-1, and GS. Furthermore, the levels of glutamate in the synaptic cleft increased significantly. When microglial activation was inhibited by minocycline, the activation of astrocytes and the expression of GLAST, GLT-1, and GS were both reversed. In addition, upon minocycline treatment, hippocampal LTP impairment and cognitive injury were significantly alleviated in each of the exposure groups. These results suggest that combined exposure to Pb and Mn can cause greater effects on cognition and synaptic plasticity when compared to single-metal exposure groups. The reason may involve abnormal activation of microglia leading to excessive regulation of astrocytes, resulting in glutamate reuptake dysfunction in astrocytes and leading to perturbed cognition and synaptic plasticity.     

油气储罐罐壁焊缝静载拉伸检测试验研究*

为建立磁记忆信号与罐体焊接缺陷演变的对应关系,获得以非接触方式检测焊缝处的磁记忆信号来实现对罐体的早期预警和无损检测技术,开展罐壁焊缝试样静载拉伸试验,研究油气储罐在静载拉伸过程中焊缝的磁记忆信号变化规律,并结合有限元模拟仿真进行磁场分布规律的分析。结果表明:磁记忆信号梯度值会在焊缝缺陷处产生突变;随着裂纹深度的增加,磁记忆信号梯度峰峰值呈线性增加,并且峰值随着拉伸载荷的增加而线性增加。     

Disc size regulation in the brood cell building behavior of leaf-cutter bee, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Megachile tsurugensis</Emphasis>

The leaf-cutter bee, Megachile tsurugensis, builds a brood cell in a preexisting tunnel with leaf discs that she cuts in decreasing sizes and assembles them like a Russian matryoshka doll. By experimentally manipulating the brood cell, it was investigated how she regulates the size of leaf discs that fit in the brood cell’s internal volume. When the internal volume was artificially increased by removing a bulk of leaf discs, she decreased the leaf disc size, although increasing it would have made the leaf disc more fitting in the increased internal volume. As a reverse manipulation, when the internal volume was decreased by inserting a group of inner layers of preassembled leaf discs to a brood cell, she decreased the leaf disc size, so that the leaf disc could fit in the decreased internal volume. These results suggest that she uses at least two different mechanisms to regulate the disc size: the use of some internal memory about the degree of building work accomplished in the first and of sensory feedback of dimensional information at the construction site in the second manipulation, respectively. It was concluded that a stigmergic mechanism, an immediate sensory feedback from the brood cell changed by the building work, alone cannot explain the details of the bee’s behavior particularly with respect to her initial response to the first manipulation. For a more complete explanation of the behavior exhibited by the solitary bee, two additional behavioral elements, reinforcement of building activity and processing of dimensional information, were discussed along with stigmergy.